,Hondros NUR 245 Exam 1 | Concepts of Nursing Care of the
Adult II (2026) Q&A
1. The concept of health and healing has evolved in recent years. Which of the
following is the best description of health?
A) Health is the absence of disease
B) Health is a dynamic process toward optimal functioning
C) Health depends on an interaction of mind, body, and spirit within the environment
D) Health is the prevention of disease
Correct Answer: Health is the prevention of disease
Rationale: The modern definition of health encompasses more than the absence of
disease; it includes the prevention of illness and the promotion of well-being. Health
is viewed as a dynamic state influenced by physical, mental, and social factors.
Prevention is a key component of contemporary health care.
2. Which of the following would be included in the database for a new patient
admission to a surgical unit?
A) All subjective and objective data gathered by a health practitioner from a patient
B) All objective data obtained from a patient through inspection, percussion,
palpation, and auscultation
C) A summary of a patient's record, including laboratory studies
D) All subjective and objective data gathered from a patient and the results of any
laboratory or diagnostic studies completed
Correct Answer: All subjective and objective data gathered from a patient and the
results of any laboratory or diagnostic studies completed
,Rationale: The patient database is a comprehensive collection of all health-related
information, including the health history, physical examination findings, and results
of diagnostic tests. This complete dataset serves as the foundation for clinical
decision-making and care planning.
3. A nurse is reviewing assessment data for a 45-year-old male patient and notes
pain rated 8 on a scale of 10, labored breathing, and pale skin color on the electronic
health record. This documentation is an example of:
A) Hypothetical reasoning
B) Diagnostic reasoning
C) Data cluster
D) Signs and symptoms
Correct Answer: Data cluster
Rationale: A data cluster is a group of related assessment findings that, when viewed
together, suggest a particular patient problem or condition. Clustering data is a
critical thinking step that helps nurses identify patterns and prioritize care. In this
case, pain, labored breathing, and pallor form a cluster indicating possible hypoxia or
shock.
4. Which action is the priority when performing hand hygiene?
A) Use hot water
B) Apply alcohol-based sanitizer or soap properly
C) Dry hands on clothing
D) Wash for 5 seconds
Correct Answer: Apply alcohol-based sanitizer or soap properly
, Rationale: Proper technique and adequate duration (at least 20 seconds for alcohol
rub or 40–60 seconds for soap and water) are essential for effective hand hygiene
and infection control. Using hot water, drying on clothing, or washing for only 5
seconds does not ensure adequate removal of pathogens.
5. Which patient is at highest risk for infection?
A) Ambulatory patient
B) Post-operative patient with an incision
C) Healthy adult
D) Patient receiving discharge teaching
Correct Answer: Post-operative patient with an incision
Rationale: A post-operative patient with a surgical incision has a break in skin
integrity, which is the body's first line of defense against infection. This disruption
significantly increases the risk of pathogens entering the body. Ambulatory patients,
healthy adults, and those receiving teaching are at lower risk.
6. What is the first step in the nursing process?
A) Diagnosis
B) Assessment
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Correct Answer: Assessment
Adult II (2026) Q&A
1. The concept of health and healing has evolved in recent years. Which of the
following is the best description of health?
A) Health is the absence of disease
B) Health is a dynamic process toward optimal functioning
C) Health depends on an interaction of mind, body, and spirit within the environment
D) Health is the prevention of disease
Correct Answer: Health is the prevention of disease
Rationale: The modern definition of health encompasses more than the absence of
disease; it includes the prevention of illness and the promotion of well-being. Health
is viewed as a dynamic state influenced by physical, mental, and social factors.
Prevention is a key component of contemporary health care.
2. Which of the following would be included in the database for a new patient
admission to a surgical unit?
A) All subjective and objective data gathered by a health practitioner from a patient
B) All objective data obtained from a patient through inspection, percussion,
palpation, and auscultation
C) A summary of a patient's record, including laboratory studies
D) All subjective and objective data gathered from a patient and the results of any
laboratory or diagnostic studies completed
Correct Answer: All subjective and objective data gathered from a patient and the
results of any laboratory or diagnostic studies completed
,Rationale: The patient database is a comprehensive collection of all health-related
information, including the health history, physical examination findings, and results
of diagnostic tests. This complete dataset serves as the foundation for clinical
decision-making and care planning.
3. A nurse is reviewing assessment data for a 45-year-old male patient and notes
pain rated 8 on a scale of 10, labored breathing, and pale skin color on the electronic
health record. This documentation is an example of:
A) Hypothetical reasoning
B) Diagnostic reasoning
C) Data cluster
D) Signs and symptoms
Correct Answer: Data cluster
Rationale: A data cluster is a group of related assessment findings that, when viewed
together, suggest a particular patient problem or condition. Clustering data is a
critical thinking step that helps nurses identify patterns and prioritize care. In this
case, pain, labored breathing, and pallor form a cluster indicating possible hypoxia or
shock.
4. Which action is the priority when performing hand hygiene?
A) Use hot water
B) Apply alcohol-based sanitizer or soap properly
C) Dry hands on clothing
D) Wash for 5 seconds
Correct Answer: Apply alcohol-based sanitizer or soap properly
, Rationale: Proper technique and adequate duration (at least 20 seconds for alcohol
rub or 40–60 seconds for soap and water) are essential for effective hand hygiene
and infection control. Using hot water, drying on clothing, or washing for only 5
seconds does not ensure adequate removal of pathogens.
5. Which patient is at highest risk for infection?
A) Ambulatory patient
B) Post-operative patient with an incision
C) Healthy adult
D) Patient receiving discharge teaching
Correct Answer: Post-operative patient with an incision
Rationale: A post-operative patient with a surgical incision has a break in skin
integrity, which is the body's first line of defense against infection. This disruption
significantly increases the risk of pathogens entering the body. Ambulatory patients,
healthy adults, and those receiving teaching are at lower risk.
6. What is the first step in the nursing process?
A) Diagnosis
B) Assessment
C) Planning
D) Implementation
Correct Answer: Assessment
