,NUR 231 Exam 4 The Childbearing Family Questions And Answers
2026/2027 Galen College
Q1. Which child has the greatest risk for a urinary tract infection
during infancy?
A) A circumcised male younger than 3 months
B) An uncircumcised male older than 3 months
C) A female adolescent with no urinary symptoms
D) A healthy school-age male
Correct Answer: B) An uncircumcised male older than 3 months
Rationale: Uncircumcised male infants, particularly after the first few
months of life, have an increased risk of urinary tract infection compared
with circumcised males.
Q2. Which organism is the most common cause of urinary tract
infections in children?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Candida albicans
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: A) Escherichia coli
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen
responsible for urinary tract infections because it commonly originates from
intestinal flora.
Q3. Which symptom is most characteristic of a lower urinary tract
infection in an older child?
A) Dysuria
B) Severe respiratory distress
C) Generalized edema
D) Projectile vomiting
Correct Answer: A) Dysuria
Rationale: Lower urinary tract infection commonly causes dysuria, urinary
frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort.
Q4. Which finding is more suggestive of an upper urinary tract
infection than cystitis?
, A) Urinary frequency
B) Suprapubic pressure
C) Fever with flank pain
D) Mild dysuria
Correct Answer: C) Fever with flank pain
Rationale: Fever and flank or back pain suggest involvement of the kidneys,
as occurs with pyelonephritis, rather than an infection limited to the bladder.
Q5. Which child would be considered to have a complicated urinary
tract infection?
A) A healthy child with an otherwise normal urinary tract
B) A child with a structural urinary abnormality
C) A child with one uncomplicated episode of cystitis
D) A child with normal renal function and no medical history
Correct Answer: B) A child with a structural urinary abnormality
Rationale: Complicated UTIs occur when underlying factors such as
structural abnormalities, obstruction, stones, neurologic disease, catheters,
or recurrent infections affect the urinary tract.
Q6. Which method provides the most reliable urine specimen for
culture in a non-toilet-trained infant when contamination must be
minimized?
A) Diaper specimen
B) Adhesive collection bag
C) Suprapubic aspiration
D) Cotton-ball collection
Correct Answer: C) Suprapubic aspiration
Rationale: Suprapubic aspiration obtains urine directly from the bladder and
minimizes contamination from the perineal area.
Q7. Why is an adhesive urine collection bag generally inappropriate
for diagnosing a UTI by culture?
A) It produces urine that is too concentrated
B) It has a high risk of contamination
C) It prevents urine production
D) It always causes hematuria
2026/2027 Galen College
Q1. Which child has the greatest risk for a urinary tract infection
during infancy?
A) A circumcised male younger than 3 months
B) An uncircumcised male older than 3 months
C) A female adolescent with no urinary symptoms
D) A healthy school-age male
Correct Answer: B) An uncircumcised male older than 3 months
Rationale: Uncircumcised male infants, particularly after the first few
months of life, have an increased risk of urinary tract infection compared
with circumcised males.
Q2. Which organism is the most common cause of urinary tract
infections in children?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Candida albicans
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: A) Escherichia coli
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial pathogen
responsible for urinary tract infections because it commonly originates from
intestinal flora.
Q3. Which symptom is most characteristic of a lower urinary tract
infection in an older child?
A) Dysuria
B) Severe respiratory distress
C) Generalized edema
D) Projectile vomiting
Correct Answer: A) Dysuria
Rationale: Lower urinary tract infection commonly causes dysuria, urinary
frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort.
Q4. Which finding is more suggestive of an upper urinary tract
infection than cystitis?
, A) Urinary frequency
B) Suprapubic pressure
C) Fever with flank pain
D) Mild dysuria
Correct Answer: C) Fever with flank pain
Rationale: Fever and flank or back pain suggest involvement of the kidneys,
as occurs with pyelonephritis, rather than an infection limited to the bladder.
Q5. Which child would be considered to have a complicated urinary
tract infection?
A) A healthy child with an otherwise normal urinary tract
B) A child with a structural urinary abnormality
C) A child with one uncomplicated episode of cystitis
D) A child with normal renal function and no medical history
Correct Answer: B) A child with a structural urinary abnormality
Rationale: Complicated UTIs occur when underlying factors such as
structural abnormalities, obstruction, stones, neurologic disease, catheters,
or recurrent infections affect the urinary tract.
Q6. Which method provides the most reliable urine specimen for
culture in a non-toilet-trained infant when contamination must be
minimized?
A) Diaper specimen
B) Adhesive collection bag
C) Suprapubic aspiration
D) Cotton-ball collection
Correct Answer: C) Suprapubic aspiration
Rationale: Suprapubic aspiration obtains urine directly from the bladder and
minimizes contamination from the perineal area.
Q7. Why is an adhesive urine collection bag generally inappropriate
for diagnosing a UTI by culture?
A) It produces urine that is too concentrated
B) It has a high risk of contamination
C) It prevents urine production
D) It always causes hematuria
