1
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions. These notes have been compiled using the following previous
papers: @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2021, @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2022, @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2023.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
Finance 2
Income, expenses, profit and loss 2
Income and expenditure statements and budgets 9
Interest and interest rates 14
Taxes and VAT 16
Banking, loans and investments 18
Measurement 23
Perimeter and area (rectangles, triangles, circles – full, half, quarter, etc.) 23
Conversions, temperature, time calculations 28
Maps, Plans and Other Representations 34
Floor plans and layout 34
Maps, Plans and Other Representations 40
Probability (review and application) 44
Finance
Income, expenses, profit and loss
Finansiële sleutelbegrippe
Income
Income is money that a person, Examples
household, or business receives. • salary;
• wages;
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
• commission;
• house allowance;
• interest on savings;
• rental income;
• gift money.
Expenses
An expense is money paid or spent to Examples
purchase goods or services. • rent or house paaiement;
• groceries;
• water and electricity;
• transportation;
• mobile phone costs;
• insurance.
Profit
A profit is made when the total income is Profit = Total Revenue − Total
greater than the total expenses. expenditure
Loss
A loss is made when the total expenses are Loss = Total expenses − Total income
greater than the total income.
Fixed income
Fixed income is income that is received Examples
regularly and usually remains the same or • monthly salary;
approximately the same amount. • pension;
• fixed rents received;
• regular allowance.
Variable income
Variable income is income whose amount Examples
changes from time to time. • commission;
• overtime;
• tips;
• revenue from sales;
• piecework.
Incidental Income
Incidental income is money that is not Examples
received regularly and cannot be • birthday money;
considered guaranteed monthly income. • a bonus;
• a gift;
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
• an inheritance;
• money from the sale of a personal
item.
Fixed Expense
A fixed expense is an expense that is paid Examples
regularly and usually remains the same • rent;
amount. • house path;
• motorcycle paaiement;
• insurance premium;
• media fund premium.
Variable Expense
A variable expense is an expense whose Examples
amount changes according to use or need. • groceries;
• water and electricity;
• transportation;
• mobile phone costs;
• fuel.
Incidental Expenses
An incidental expense does not Examples
necessarily occur every month and is often • Engine manufacturing plant
unexpected or infrequent. • emergency medical expenses
• replacement of a broken device
• a birthday present
• school trips.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions. These notes have been compiled using the following previous
papers: @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2021, @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2022, @SACAI NOV Paper 1 & 2 /2023.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
Finance 2
Income, expenses, profit and loss 2
Income and expenditure statements and budgets 9
Interest and interest rates 14
Taxes and VAT 16
Banking, loans and investments 18
Measurement 23
Perimeter and area (rectangles, triangles, circles – full, half, quarter, etc.) 23
Conversions, temperature, time calculations 28
Maps, Plans and Other Representations 34
Floor plans and layout 34
Maps, Plans and Other Representations 40
Probability (review and application) 44
Finance
Income, expenses, profit and loss
Finansiële sleutelbegrippe
Income
Income is money that a person, Examples
household, or business receives. • salary;
• wages;
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
• commission;
• house allowance;
• interest on savings;
• rental income;
• gift money.
Expenses
An expense is money paid or spent to Examples
purchase goods or services. • rent or house paaiement;
• groceries;
• water and electricity;
• transportation;
• mobile phone costs;
• insurance.
Profit
A profit is made when the total income is Profit = Total Revenue − Total
greater than the total expenses. expenditure
Loss
A loss is made when the total expenses are Loss = Total expenses − Total income
greater than the total income.
Fixed income
Fixed income is income that is received Examples
regularly and usually remains the same or • monthly salary;
approximately the same amount. • pension;
• fixed rents received;
• regular allowance.
Variable income
Variable income is income whose amount Examples
changes from time to time. • commission;
• overtime;
• tips;
• revenue from sales;
• piecework.
Incidental Income
Incidental income is money that is not Examples
received regularly and cannot be • birthday money;
considered guaranteed monthly income. • a bonus;
• a gift;
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
• an inheritance;
• money from the sale of a personal
item.
Fixed Expense
A fixed expense is an expense that is paid Examples
regularly and usually remains the same • rent;
amount. • house path;
• motorcycle paaiement;
• insurance premium;
• media fund premium.
Variable Expense
A variable expense is an expense whose Examples
amount changes according to use or need. • groceries;
• water and electricity;
• transportation;
• mobile phone costs;
• fuel.
Incidental Expenses
An incidental expense does not Examples
necessarily occur every month and is often • Engine manufacturing plant
unexpected or infrequent. • emergency medical expenses
• replacement of a broken device
• a birthday present
• school trips.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
