,NSG 318 Exam 2 Introduction to Pharmacology Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 Grand canyon university
Q1. Which pharmacokinetic change is common in neonates?
A. Increased renal clearance
B. Fully mature hepatic metabolism
C. Immature renal and hepatic function
D. Increased plasma protein binding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have immature liver and kidney function, which can
slow drug metabolism and excretion and increase the risk of accumulation.
Q2. Why must many pediatric medications be dosed according to
body weight?
A. Children always require the same dose as adults.
B. Drug requirements vary with body size and developmental physiology.
C. Weight has no relationship to medication dosing.
D. Pediatric doses are based only on age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing commonly uses body weight or body-surface
area because drug handling and required doses differ substantially from
those of adults.
**Q3. Which factor can increase the risk of medication error in children?
A. Small differences between therapeutic and toxic doses
B. More standardized dosing than adults
C. Complete organ maturity
D. Identical metabolism to adults
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some pediatric medications have narrow dosing margins, so
even small calculation errors can result in significant toxicity.
**Q4. Which action is most important before calculating a weight-based
pediatric dose?
A. Verify the child's current weight using an appropriate unit.
B. Estimate the child's weight visually.
, C. Use the parent's weight.
D. Use the child's birth weight.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An accurate current weight is essential for safe weight-based
dosing.
**Q5. Which statement about medication administration to children is
correct?
A. Household teaspoons are appropriate for measuring all liquid medications.
B. Oral syringes can improve accuracy when measuring small liquid doses.
C. Parents should estimate the dose.
D. Liquid medications never require shaking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral syringes provide greater accuracy than household spoons,
especially for small pediatric doses.
**Q6. Which age-related change can reduce renal medication clearance in
older adults?
A. Increased glomerular filtration
B. Reduced renal function
C. Increased renal blood flow
D. Increased tubular secretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal function commonly declines with aging, which can reduce
clearance of medications eliminated by the kidneys.
**Q7. An older adult is prescribed a medication primarily excreted by the
kidneys. Which assessment is most important?
A. Hair texture
B. Renal function
C. Visual acuity only
D. Height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced renal clearance can increase drug accumulation and
toxicity, making renal function important when dosing renally eliminated
medications.
Answers 2026/2027 Grand canyon university
Q1. Which pharmacokinetic change is common in neonates?
A. Increased renal clearance
B. Fully mature hepatic metabolism
C. Immature renal and hepatic function
D. Increased plasma protein binding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have immature liver and kidney function, which can
slow drug metabolism and excretion and increase the risk of accumulation.
Q2. Why must many pediatric medications be dosed according to
body weight?
A. Children always require the same dose as adults.
B. Drug requirements vary with body size and developmental physiology.
C. Weight has no relationship to medication dosing.
D. Pediatric doses are based only on age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing commonly uses body weight or body-surface
area because drug handling and required doses differ substantially from
those of adults.
**Q3. Which factor can increase the risk of medication error in children?
A. Small differences between therapeutic and toxic doses
B. More standardized dosing than adults
C. Complete organ maturity
D. Identical metabolism to adults
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some pediatric medications have narrow dosing margins, so
even small calculation errors can result in significant toxicity.
**Q4. Which action is most important before calculating a weight-based
pediatric dose?
A. Verify the child's current weight using an appropriate unit.
B. Estimate the child's weight visually.
, C. Use the parent's weight.
D. Use the child's birth weight.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An accurate current weight is essential for safe weight-based
dosing.
**Q5. Which statement about medication administration to children is
correct?
A. Household teaspoons are appropriate for measuring all liquid medications.
B. Oral syringes can improve accuracy when measuring small liquid doses.
C. Parents should estimate the dose.
D. Liquid medications never require shaking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral syringes provide greater accuracy than household spoons,
especially for small pediatric doses.
**Q6. Which age-related change can reduce renal medication clearance in
older adults?
A. Increased glomerular filtration
B. Reduced renal function
C. Increased renal blood flow
D. Increased tubular secretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal function commonly declines with aging, which can reduce
clearance of medications eliminated by the kidneys.
**Q7. An older adult is prescribed a medication primarily excreted by the
kidneys. Which assessment is most important?
A. Hair texture
B. Renal function
C. Visual acuity only
D. Height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced renal clearance can increase drug accumulation and
toxicity, making renal function important when dosing renally eliminated
medications.
