2026\2027 with 100% questions and
answers |highly graded a+
Tolerance
(definition) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the need for higher doses to produce response
Addiction
(definition) - CORRECT ANSWERS-use despite harm; psychological "craving," and
display of addictive (drug seeking) behaviors
Physical Dependence
(definition) - CORRECT ANSWERS-withdrawal symptoms elicited upon discontinuation
Drugs that affect GABA - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ethanol
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Non-Benzodiazapine sedative-hypnotics (hypnotics in general)
Chloral hydrate
What effect does ethanol have on the heart? - CORRECT ANSWERS-depresses
myocardial contractility
What effect does Ethanol have on smooth muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
vasodilation in the periphery
What are some therapeutic benefits and possible uses of ethanol? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Self-treatment of anxiety
depression
Essential tremor
Short-acting benzodiazapines - CORRECT ANSWERS-Alprazolam
triazolam
Intermediate-acting benzodiazapines - CORRECT ANSWERS-Clonazepam
lorazepam
, Long-acting benzodiazapines - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diazepam
flurazepam
Most commonly used benzodiazapines - CORRECT ANSWERS-Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Diazepam (Valium)
Short acting barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Intermediate acting barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWERS-Butabarbital (butisol)
Long acting Barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Adverse effects of Barbiturates - CORRECT ANSWERS-Residual effects (hangover)
Anterograde amnesia
(Which may exacerbate current issues memory loss/cognition in elderly patients)
Tolerance/Dependence
Complex behaviors (sleep walking, eating, driving)
Give an example of a non-benzodiazepine, Non-barbiturate sedative/hypnotic -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Chloral Hydrate
Examples of Antihistamines - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Examples of antidepressants - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tricyclic Antidepressants:
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Trazodone (Desyrel)
Examples of Antipsychotics - CORRECT ANSWERS-Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Centrally-acting muscle relaxants - CORRECT ANSWERS-Benzodiazepines
Baclofen
Cyclobenzaprine
Carisoprodol
Methocarbamol
Agents for Spasticity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Baclofen (Lioresal)
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)