TERM DEFINITION
Hydraulic Action Shear force of water wearing away at river bed
Particles wearing down each other as they bump each other in
Attrition
the water
The wearing down of the river bed by the scratching and friction
Abrasion
of pebbles
Solution Rocks that get dissolved in the water
The carrying of heavy boulders in the river (by rolling them
Traction
along the river bed)
Saltation Pebbles bouncing along the river bed
Suspension Sand and silt
Solution Dissolved minerals that are carried in the water
Is one that will never flow due to base flow but only after heavy
Episodic River
rains
These rivers will never experience base flow. And will only flow
Exotic River as they are receiving water from their source (the tributaries are
non perennial)
Is the area on the earth’s surface, that is drained by a river and
Drainage Basin
all its tributaries
Zone of Permanent Will have water all year round, as it receives it water via base
Saturation flow.
This zone only contains water during the rainy season. This is
Zone of Aeration
equal to the wet season watertable
Zone of intermittent Will receive some water during the dry season. This is the dry
Saturation season water table.
Thesis the ration between the total length of all the streams and
Drainage Density
the area that drained them.
The area from which rainfall flows into. A river, lake or dam. The
Catchment area
area drained by a river
Potential The volume of water that could be evaporated, if a sufficient
Evaporation amount of water was available.
The direction in which the wind will move around a low pressure
Backs
in the Southern Hemisphere
The direction in which the wind will move around a low pressure
Veers
in the Northern Hemisphere
Adiabatic Wind The warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side.
,TERM DEFINITION
Katabatic wind Cold wind that blows down a slope of valley
Adiabatically Change in temperature, due to a change in pressure
Inversion layer A increase in temperature with height
Dispersed
Settlements where houses are well serrated from each other
Settlement
Nucleated
Settlements where houses are located close together
Settlement
Densification An increase in the density of the settlement
Clustered Means the same as nucleated
Isolated Means the same as dispersed
Describes the characteristics of the point at which the
Site
settlement has established itself (water, soil, topography of land)
The settlements location in relation to other settlements (main
Situation
roads, main cities, neighbouring suburbs)
This is found in places where water is scares and therefore
Wet point settlement people has chosen to settle near the water supply (oasis in the
desert)
This is found where there is an abundance of water, and
therefore people have chosen to settle a distance away from the
Dry point settlement
water source. Are flooding is a threat (high lying areas that often
flood)
Rural- Urban This is when people move out of the rural areas and into the
migration urban areas because of the “push and pull” factors
Urban sprawl/
When urban areas spread out into the surrounding rural area
decentralisation
Threshold The minimum number of people, customers, each service or
Population business needs in order to make it profitable
Range The maximum distance people are willing to travel in order to
buy a particular good or service
Sphere of Influence
The area a business or settlement draws its customers
Socioeconomic The relationship between the social and economic factors
Rural-Urban Is the moving of the people from the rural areas to the urban
migration areas
Urbanisation Is the increasing PERCENTAGE of people living in urban areas
, TERM DEFINITION
Growth that does not harm the earth, or hinder the success of
future generations. Sustainable growth, needs to keep in mind
Sustainable growth
the environment, the society that surrounds it, as well as its
impact on the economy
Is a program put into place in order to bring about a more fair ad
The land reform
even ownership of land in South Africa. As as result of the
project
wrongs of the past, apartheid
A government policy that compensates individuals and
communities who lost their land as a result of apartheid. People
Land Reform
will get back their land that they previously owned, if they can
prove it was theirs
This is when the state tries to broaden the access to land. By
Land Redistribution buying land and transferring it to those who are not able to
afford it.
Urban blight or • This is the physical deterioration of an urban area
decay • This is often in the transition zone of the city (inner city)
This is when the urban area expands into its surrounding areas
Urban Sprawl
(rural areas).
This occurs when people move into the city with little/ no money,
Informal Housing in the search for a job.
They settle in make shift houses
Due to urban sprawl, the city is more spread out, there is now
Congestion
more people that need to commute to the CBD each day.
Invasion and A new, and more succesful land-use activity takes over the
succession original function of the land/building
The front of the building is kept, but the outside is changed
Façadism The front of the building is usually preserved if it is attractive or
has historical value.
The process of improving and modernising old houses close to
the city centre.
Gentrification This occurs when lower income people are displaced, and
higher income people move in to the area, as they want to be
closer to the city centre.
Was the area between two areas in apartheid. Typically the
Buffer Zone
barrier that separated each race’s area
particles that attract water and promote condensation. And act
Hygroscopic nuclei
as a surface where condensation can take place.
Hydraulic Action Shear force of water wearing away at river bed
Particles wearing down each other as they bump each other in
Attrition
the water
The wearing down of the river bed by the scratching and friction
Abrasion
of pebbles
Solution Rocks that get dissolved in the water
The carrying of heavy boulders in the river (by rolling them
Traction
along the river bed)
Saltation Pebbles bouncing along the river bed
Suspension Sand and silt
Solution Dissolved minerals that are carried in the water
Is one that will never flow due to base flow but only after heavy
Episodic River
rains
These rivers will never experience base flow. And will only flow
Exotic River as they are receiving water from their source (the tributaries are
non perennial)
Is the area on the earth’s surface, that is drained by a river and
Drainage Basin
all its tributaries
Zone of Permanent Will have water all year round, as it receives it water via base
Saturation flow.
This zone only contains water during the rainy season. This is
Zone of Aeration
equal to the wet season watertable
Zone of intermittent Will receive some water during the dry season. This is the dry
Saturation season water table.
Thesis the ration between the total length of all the streams and
Drainage Density
the area that drained them.
The area from which rainfall flows into. A river, lake or dam. The
Catchment area
area drained by a river
Potential The volume of water that could be evaporated, if a sufficient
Evaporation amount of water was available.
The direction in which the wind will move around a low pressure
Backs
in the Southern Hemisphere
The direction in which the wind will move around a low pressure
Veers
in the Northern Hemisphere
Adiabatic Wind The warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side.
,TERM DEFINITION
Katabatic wind Cold wind that blows down a slope of valley
Adiabatically Change in temperature, due to a change in pressure
Inversion layer A increase in temperature with height
Dispersed
Settlements where houses are well serrated from each other
Settlement
Nucleated
Settlements where houses are located close together
Settlement
Densification An increase in the density of the settlement
Clustered Means the same as nucleated
Isolated Means the same as dispersed
Describes the characteristics of the point at which the
Site
settlement has established itself (water, soil, topography of land)
The settlements location in relation to other settlements (main
Situation
roads, main cities, neighbouring suburbs)
This is found in places where water is scares and therefore
Wet point settlement people has chosen to settle near the water supply (oasis in the
desert)
This is found where there is an abundance of water, and
therefore people have chosen to settle a distance away from the
Dry point settlement
water source. Are flooding is a threat (high lying areas that often
flood)
Rural- Urban This is when people move out of the rural areas and into the
migration urban areas because of the “push and pull” factors
Urban sprawl/
When urban areas spread out into the surrounding rural area
decentralisation
Threshold The minimum number of people, customers, each service or
Population business needs in order to make it profitable
Range The maximum distance people are willing to travel in order to
buy a particular good or service
Sphere of Influence
The area a business or settlement draws its customers
Socioeconomic The relationship between the social and economic factors
Rural-Urban Is the moving of the people from the rural areas to the urban
migration areas
Urbanisation Is the increasing PERCENTAGE of people living in urban areas
, TERM DEFINITION
Growth that does not harm the earth, or hinder the success of
future generations. Sustainable growth, needs to keep in mind
Sustainable growth
the environment, the society that surrounds it, as well as its
impact on the economy
Is a program put into place in order to bring about a more fair ad
The land reform
even ownership of land in South Africa. As as result of the
project
wrongs of the past, apartheid
A government policy that compensates individuals and
communities who lost their land as a result of apartheid. People
Land Reform
will get back their land that they previously owned, if they can
prove it was theirs
This is when the state tries to broaden the access to land. By
Land Redistribution buying land and transferring it to those who are not able to
afford it.
Urban blight or • This is the physical deterioration of an urban area
decay • This is often in the transition zone of the city (inner city)
This is when the urban area expands into its surrounding areas
Urban Sprawl
(rural areas).
This occurs when people move into the city with little/ no money,
Informal Housing in the search for a job.
They settle in make shift houses
Due to urban sprawl, the city is more spread out, there is now
Congestion
more people that need to commute to the CBD each day.
Invasion and A new, and more succesful land-use activity takes over the
succession original function of the land/building
The front of the building is kept, but the outside is changed
Façadism The front of the building is usually preserved if it is attractive or
has historical value.
The process of improving and modernising old houses close to
the city centre.
Gentrification This occurs when lower income people are displaced, and
higher income people move in to the area, as they want to be
closer to the city centre.
Was the area between two areas in apartheid. Typically the
Buffer Zone
barrier that separated each race’s area
particles that attract water and promote condensation. And act
Hygroscopic nuclei
as a surface where condensation can take place.
