Risk Management Exam 1
Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
ABsituationBwhereBanBindividualBorBbusinessBisBexposedBtoBtheBchanceBofBexperienci
ngBaBloss.B-BAnswerBRisk
ABsituationBwhereBthereBisBaBchanceBofBloss;BthereBisBuncertaintyBasBtoBwhetherBor
BnotBaBlossBwillBoccur.B-BAnswerBPureBRisk
ABsituationBwhereBthereBisBaBchanceBofBlossBorBnoBloss,BplusBtheBpossibilityBofBgain.
B-BAnswerBSpeculativeBRisk
PerceivedBamountBofBriskBbasedBonBopinionBratherBthatBverifiableBdataB-
BAnswerBSubjectiveBRisk
UncertaintyBthatBcanBbeBmeasuredBbyBfactsBandBdata,BasBwellBasBverifiedBbyBothersB
-BAnswerBObjectiveBrisk
RiskBthatBaffectsBonlyBspecificBindividualsBorBorganizationsBratherBthanBsimultaneously
BaffectingBaBgroup.B-BAnswerBDiversifiableBrisk
RiskBthatBaffectsBmultipleBindividualsBorBorganizationsBsimultaneously;BlossesBareBcorr
elated.B-BAnswerBNondiversifiableBrisk
ABreductionBinBvalueBofBanBassetBheldBbyBanBindividualBorBbusinessB-BAnswerBLoss
SomethingBthatBincreasesBexpectedBlossesBeitherBbyBincreasingBfrequencyBorBseverityB
ofBlossB(orBboth)B-BAnswerBHazard
,TangibleBconditionsBorBcharacteristicsBthatBincreaseBtheBfrequencyBorBseverityBofBloss
esB(e.g.,BiceBonBaBroad)B-BAnswerBPhysicalBHazard
TheBexistenceBofBinsuranceBcreatesBanBincentiveBforBindividualsBtoBintentionallyBcause
BaBlossBinBorderBtoBattemptBtoBprofitBfromBinsurance,BincreasingBexpectedBlossesB(e.
g.,BinsuranceBfraud)B-BAnswerBMoralBhazard
TheBexistenceBofBinsuranceBmayBalterBtheBriskBbehaviorBofBpolicyholders,BespeciallyBc
arelessnessBthatBleadsBtoBincreasedBlossesB(e.g.,BskydivingBbecauseByouBhaveBlifeBinsu
rance)B-BAnswerBMoraleBhazardB(attitudinalBhazard)
TheBnumberBofBlossesBoccurringBinBaBgivenBtimeBperiod.BAlternatively,BtheBprobability
BofBaBlossBinBaBgivenBtimeBperiodB-BAnswerBFrequency
TheBdollarBamountBofBaBgivenBlossBorBtheBaggregateBdollarBamountBofBallBlossesBfor
BaBgivenBperiodB-BAnswerBSeverity
ABsituationBorBactivityBthatBmayBleadBtoBanBadverseBfinancialBconsequenceB-
BAnswerBExposure
TheBspecificBcauseBofBaBloss,Be.g.,Bfire,Bwind,Bhail,BslipBandBfallB-BAnswerBPeril
AllBcostsBassociatedBwithBtheBrisksBtakenBbyBanBorganizationBincludingBallBlossesBand
BallBexpensesBassociatedBwithBmanagingBlossBexposuresB-
BAnswerBTotalBCostBofBRiskB(TCOR)
theBdeliberateBprocessBofBfindingBandBcataloguingBtheBlossBexposuresBofBanBorganizat
ion.B-BAnswerBRiskBIdentification
TheBsystematicBprocessBofBcontrollingBmanagingBtheBuncertaintyBofBlossBexposuresBth
atBaffectBanBorganization'sBassetsBandBimpedeBgoalsB-BAnswerBRiskBManagement
, OneBofBtwoBmajorBcategoriesBofBriskBmanagementBtechniquesBavailable,BitBattemptsBt
oBengageBinBactivitiesBthatBreduceBuncertaintyBorBtheBamountBofBlossBexperiencedBb
yBanBorganization,BeitherBbyBreducingBtheBfrequencyBofBlossBorBtheBseverityBofBlossB
-BAnswerBRiskBControl
OneBofBtwoBmajorBcategoriesBofBriskBmanagementBtechniquesBavailable,BitBisBtheBme
thodBusedBtoBfinanceBlossesBexperiencedBbyBanBorganization;BtwoBextremesBofBitBare
BretentionB(fullyBfundedBbyBtheBorganization)BandBriskBtransferB(paidBbyBanotherBpart
yBsuchBasBanBinsurer)B-BAnswerBRiskBFinancing
ImplementingBaBriskBmanagementBprogram,BincludingBestablishingBandBcommunicating
Bpolicy,BassigningBresponsibility,BhiringBstaff,BdevelopingBriskBmanagementBinformation
Bsystems,Betc.B-BAnswerBRiskBAdministration
SometimesBcalledBsystematicBrisk,BitBisBuncertaintyBthatBisBtiedBtoBtheBstateBofBtheBe
conomyBorBbusinessBcycle.B-BAnswerBEconomicBRisk
UncertaintyBinBtheBapplicabilityBorBinterpretationBofBcontracts,Blaws,Bliability,BorBregul
ations.BForBexample,BaBjuryBmayBdecideBthatBanBinsurer'sBpolicyBisBunclearBandBrequi
reBpaymentBforBunintendedBlossesB-BAnswerBLegalBRisk
UncertaintyBassociatedBwithBchanges,Binterpretations,BorBreinterpretationsBofBgovernm
entalBrulesBandBregulations.BItBisBoftenBusedBtoBreferBtoBbusinessesBthatBareBoperati
ngBinBforeignBcountriesBwithBpoliticalBinstability.B-BAnswerBPoliticalBrisk
OneBofBtheBERMBriskBquadrants,BtheseBrisksBareBtheBsubjectBofB"traditional"BriskBma
nagement,BwhichBoftenBinvolvedBsignificantBuseBofBinsuranceBasBaBriskBmanagementB
technique.BTheseBrisksBareBpureBrisksBthatBstemBinternallyBandBincludeBproperty,Bliabi
lity,BandBpersonnelB(especiallyBemployeeBinjury)B-BAnswerBHazardBrisks
OneBofBtheBERMBriskBquadrants,BtheseBrisksBareBpureBrisksBthatBstemBfromBpeopleB
orBfailuresBinBbusinessBprocessesB/systems.BExamplesBincludeBbreakdownBofBcomputer
BsystemsBorBinadequateBprocessBtrainingB-BAnswerBOperationalBRisks
Questions and Answers
Updated 2026
ABsituationBwhereBanBindividualBorBbusinessBisBexposedBtoBtheBchanceBofBexperienci
ngBaBloss.B-BAnswerBRisk
ABsituationBwhereBthereBisBaBchanceBofBloss;BthereBisBuncertaintyBasBtoBwhetherBor
BnotBaBlossBwillBoccur.B-BAnswerBPureBRisk
ABsituationBwhereBthereBisBaBchanceBofBlossBorBnoBloss,BplusBtheBpossibilityBofBgain.
B-BAnswerBSpeculativeBRisk
PerceivedBamountBofBriskBbasedBonBopinionBratherBthatBverifiableBdataB-
BAnswerBSubjectiveBRisk
UncertaintyBthatBcanBbeBmeasuredBbyBfactsBandBdata,BasBwellBasBverifiedBbyBothersB
-BAnswerBObjectiveBrisk
RiskBthatBaffectsBonlyBspecificBindividualsBorBorganizationsBratherBthanBsimultaneously
BaffectingBaBgroup.B-BAnswerBDiversifiableBrisk
RiskBthatBaffectsBmultipleBindividualsBorBorganizationsBsimultaneously;BlossesBareBcorr
elated.B-BAnswerBNondiversifiableBrisk
ABreductionBinBvalueBofBanBassetBheldBbyBanBindividualBorBbusinessB-BAnswerBLoss
SomethingBthatBincreasesBexpectedBlossesBeitherBbyBincreasingBfrequencyBorBseverityB
ofBlossB(orBboth)B-BAnswerBHazard
,TangibleBconditionsBorBcharacteristicsBthatBincreaseBtheBfrequencyBorBseverityBofBloss
esB(e.g.,BiceBonBaBroad)B-BAnswerBPhysicalBHazard
TheBexistenceBofBinsuranceBcreatesBanBincentiveBforBindividualsBtoBintentionallyBcause
BaBlossBinBorderBtoBattemptBtoBprofitBfromBinsurance,BincreasingBexpectedBlossesB(e.
g.,BinsuranceBfraud)B-BAnswerBMoralBhazard
TheBexistenceBofBinsuranceBmayBalterBtheBriskBbehaviorBofBpolicyholders,BespeciallyBc
arelessnessBthatBleadsBtoBincreasedBlossesB(e.g.,BskydivingBbecauseByouBhaveBlifeBinsu
rance)B-BAnswerBMoraleBhazardB(attitudinalBhazard)
TheBnumberBofBlossesBoccurringBinBaBgivenBtimeBperiod.BAlternatively,BtheBprobability
BofBaBlossBinBaBgivenBtimeBperiodB-BAnswerBFrequency
TheBdollarBamountBofBaBgivenBlossBorBtheBaggregateBdollarBamountBofBallBlossesBfor
BaBgivenBperiodB-BAnswerBSeverity
ABsituationBorBactivityBthatBmayBleadBtoBanBadverseBfinancialBconsequenceB-
BAnswerBExposure
TheBspecificBcauseBofBaBloss,Be.g.,Bfire,Bwind,Bhail,BslipBandBfallB-BAnswerBPeril
AllBcostsBassociatedBwithBtheBrisksBtakenBbyBanBorganizationBincludingBallBlossesBand
BallBexpensesBassociatedBwithBmanagingBlossBexposuresB-
BAnswerBTotalBCostBofBRiskB(TCOR)
theBdeliberateBprocessBofBfindingBandBcataloguingBtheBlossBexposuresBofBanBorganizat
ion.B-BAnswerBRiskBIdentification
TheBsystematicBprocessBofBcontrollingBmanagingBtheBuncertaintyBofBlossBexposuresBth
atBaffectBanBorganization'sBassetsBandBimpedeBgoalsB-BAnswerBRiskBManagement
, OneBofBtwoBmajorBcategoriesBofBriskBmanagementBtechniquesBavailable,BitBattemptsBt
oBengageBinBactivitiesBthatBreduceBuncertaintyBorBtheBamountBofBlossBexperiencedBb
yBanBorganization,BeitherBbyBreducingBtheBfrequencyBofBlossBorBtheBseverityBofBlossB
-BAnswerBRiskBControl
OneBofBtwoBmajorBcategoriesBofBriskBmanagementBtechniquesBavailable,BitBisBtheBme
thodBusedBtoBfinanceBlossesBexperiencedBbyBanBorganization;BtwoBextremesBofBitBare
BretentionB(fullyBfundedBbyBtheBorganization)BandBriskBtransferB(paidBbyBanotherBpart
yBsuchBasBanBinsurer)B-BAnswerBRiskBFinancing
ImplementingBaBriskBmanagementBprogram,BincludingBestablishingBandBcommunicating
Bpolicy,BassigningBresponsibility,BhiringBstaff,BdevelopingBriskBmanagementBinformation
Bsystems,Betc.B-BAnswerBRiskBAdministration
SometimesBcalledBsystematicBrisk,BitBisBuncertaintyBthatBisBtiedBtoBtheBstateBofBtheBe
conomyBorBbusinessBcycle.B-BAnswerBEconomicBRisk
UncertaintyBinBtheBapplicabilityBorBinterpretationBofBcontracts,Blaws,Bliability,BorBregul
ations.BForBexample,BaBjuryBmayBdecideBthatBanBinsurer'sBpolicyBisBunclearBandBrequi
reBpaymentBforBunintendedBlossesB-BAnswerBLegalBRisk
UncertaintyBassociatedBwithBchanges,Binterpretations,BorBreinterpretationsBofBgovernm
entalBrulesBandBregulations.BItBisBoftenBusedBtoBreferBtoBbusinessesBthatBareBoperati
ngBinBforeignBcountriesBwithBpoliticalBinstability.B-BAnswerBPoliticalBrisk
OneBofBtheBERMBriskBquadrants,BtheseBrisksBareBtheBsubjectBofB"traditional"BriskBma
nagement,BwhichBoftenBinvolvedBsignificantBuseBofBinsuranceBasBaBriskBmanagementB
technique.BTheseBrisksBareBpureBrisksBthatBstemBinternallyBandBincludeBproperty,Bliabi
lity,BandBpersonnelB(especiallyBemployeeBinjury)B-BAnswerBHazardBrisks
OneBofBtheBERMBriskBquadrants,BtheseBrisksBareBpureBrisksBthatBstemBfromBpeopleB
orBfailuresBinBbusinessBprocessesB/systems.BExamplesBincludeBbreakdownBofBcomputer
BsystemsBorBinadequateBprocessBtrainingB-BAnswerBOperationalBRisks