NR 599 FINAL EXAM REVISION HANDBOOK
2026 RESEARCH UTILIZATION AND EVIDENCE
BASED PRACTICE APPLICATION
◉ CDS improving healthcare.
Answer: ○ Reducing clinical variation and duplicative testing ○
Ensuring patient safety
○ Avoiding complications that may result in readmissions ○ Create
alerts about drug-drug interactions ○ Drug allergy contraindications
◉ CDS challenging healthcare.
Answer: ○ Alarm fatigue ○ Clinical burnout ○ Occur with poorly
implemented CDS features ○ Financial burden
◉ Workflow Design.
Answer: ○ Used to describe the action or execution of a series of
tasks in a prescribed sequence ○ Progression of steps (tasks, events,
interactions) that constitute a work process ○ In a sequential
workflow, each step depends on the occurrence of the previous step;
in a parallel workflow, two or more steps can occur concurrently. ○
Nursing informatics is uniquely positioned to engage in the analysis
and redesign of processes and tasks surrounding the use of
technology.
,◉ Changes in workflow causes.
Answer: poor system design and usability issues, lack of
understanding about these systems and their capabilities, user
errors and system errors, and lack of defined protocols can all lead
to process breakdowns and errors.
◉ EHR and information systems provide what?.
Answer: provide POC decision support to prevent medical errors to
save lives and money
◉ Barriers to implement technology:.
Answer: cost & length of time to incorporate it, frequent upgrades
interrupting the workflow
◉ American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)- used financial
incentives to implement Meaningful Use (MU) rules and regulations
3 stages.
Answer: ○ Stage 1: data capturing and sharing ○ Stage 2: advanced
clinical processes ○ Stage 3: improve outcomes
◉ Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA)
took over and created.
Answer: a quality payment program (QPP) to replace Medicare
reporting programs
,◉ Merit Based Incentive Payment (MIPS or Alternative Payment
Models (APM).
Answer: to allow clinicians to choose what suites their needs the
best, simplify process for achievement, align with Health IT
Certification criteria, emphasize interoperability, information
exchange, security measures, and patient access to information,
reduce number of measures, and exempt clinicians from reporting if
EHR is not applicable to their practice
◉ Hospitals have small profit margins so they need to work smarter
and not harder with the help of technology to keep the margins from
getting smaller.
Answer: ○ Workflow analysis needs to be done as well as working in
optimization (moving conditions past their current state into a more
effective method of performing.
◉ Workflow redesign-.
Answer: one of the fundamental skills sets that make up the
discipline of an informatics nurse
◉ Process owners:.
Answer: those that directly engage in the workflow to be analyzed
and redesigned
, ◉ Six Sigma or Lean Departments:.
Answer: efficient and effective delivery of care ○ Key underpinning is
the removal of waste
◉ Variation:.
Answer: when workers perform the same function in different ways-
should be eliminated when possible
◉ Clinical transformation.
Answer: The complete alteration of the clinical environment;
widespread change accompanies transformational activities, and
clinical transformation implies that the manner in which work is
carried out and the outcomes achieved are completely different from
the prior state, which is not always true in the case of simply
implementing technology. ■ Technology can be used to launch or in
conjunction with a clinical transformation initiative; however, the
implementation of technology alone is not justifiably
transformational ability. Therefore, this term should be used
cautiously to describe redesign efforts.
◉ Events.
Answer: Occurrences that might be significant to other objects in a
system or to external agents ■ for example, creating a laboratory
request is an example of a healthcare event in a laboratory
application. ■ An event is defined and could be a triggering event for
2026 RESEARCH UTILIZATION AND EVIDENCE
BASED PRACTICE APPLICATION
◉ CDS improving healthcare.
Answer: ○ Reducing clinical variation and duplicative testing ○
Ensuring patient safety
○ Avoiding complications that may result in readmissions ○ Create
alerts about drug-drug interactions ○ Drug allergy contraindications
◉ CDS challenging healthcare.
Answer: ○ Alarm fatigue ○ Clinical burnout ○ Occur with poorly
implemented CDS features ○ Financial burden
◉ Workflow Design.
Answer: ○ Used to describe the action or execution of a series of
tasks in a prescribed sequence ○ Progression of steps (tasks, events,
interactions) that constitute a work process ○ In a sequential
workflow, each step depends on the occurrence of the previous step;
in a parallel workflow, two or more steps can occur concurrently. ○
Nursing informatics is uniquely positioned to engage in the analysis
and redesign of processes and tasks surrounding the use of
technology.
,◉ Changes in workflow causes.
Answer: poor system design and usability issues, lack of
understanding about these systems and their capabilities, user
errors and system errors, and lack of defined protocols can all lead
to process breakdowns and errors.
◉ EHR and information systems provide what?.
Answer: provide POC decision support to prevent medical errors to
save lives and money
◉ Barriers to implement technology:.
Answer: cost & length of time to incorporate it, frequent upgrades
interrupting the workflow
◉ American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)- used financial
incentives to implement Meaningful Use (MU) rules and regulations
3 stages.
Answer: ○ Stage 1: data capturing and sharing ○ Stage 2: advanced
clinical processes ○ Stage 3: improve outcomes
◉ Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA)
took over and created.
Answer: a quality payment program (QPP) to replace Medicare
reporting programs
,◉ Merit Based Incentive Payment (MIPS or Alternative Payment
Models (APM).
Answer: to allow clinicians to choose what suites their needs the
best, simplify process for achievement, align with Health IT
Certification criteria, emphasize interoperability, information
exchange, security measures, and patient access to information,
reduce number of measures, and exempt clinicians from reporting if
EHR is not applicable to their practice
◉ Hospitals have small profit margins so they need to work smarter
and not harder with the help of technology to keep the margins from
getting smaller.
Answer: ○ Workflow analysis needs to be done as well as working in
optimization (moving conditions past their current state into a more
effective method of performing.
◉ Workflow redesign-.
Answer: one of the fundamental skills sets that make up the
discipline of an informatics nurse
◉ Process owners:.
Answer: those that directly engage in the workflow to be analyzed
and redesigned
, ◉ Six Sigma or Lean Departments:.
Answer: efficient and effective delivery of care ○ Key underpinning is
the removal of waste
◉ Variation:.
Answer: when workers perform the same function in different ways-
should be eliminated when possible
◉ Clinical transformation.
Answer: The complete alteration of the clinical environment;
widespread change accompanies transformational activities, and
clinical transformation implies that the manner in which work is
carried out and the outcomes achieved are completely different from
the prior state, which is not always true in the case of simply
implementing technology. ■ Technology can be used to launch or in
conjunction with a clinical transformation initiative; however, the
implementation of technology alone is not justifiably
transformational ability. Therefore, this term should be used
cautiously to describe redesign efforts.
◉ Events.
Answer: Occurrences that might be significant to other objects in a
system or to external agents ■ for example, creating a laboratory
request is an example of a healthcare event in a laboratory
application. ■ An event is defined and could be a triggering event for
