NR 509 FINAL EXAM REVISION HANDBOOK
2026 HISTORY TAKING AND DIAGNOSTIC
FINDINGS INTERPRETATION
◉ functional incontinence.
Answer: the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions.
Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting from weakness, arthritis,
poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors such as
an unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or
physical restraints.
◉ Incontinence secondary to medications.
Answer: drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence listed. Ex:
sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics, sympathetic blockers, and
potent diuretics
◉ Know where lymph nodes should be with strep.
Answer: · Strep throat astreptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial infection
that may cause a sore, scratchy throat
· Common childhood infection has a classic presentation of
erythema of the posterior pharynx and palatal petechiae
,· Enlarged swollen cervical lymph nodes -> superficial cervical
lymph nodes
Superficial cervical -> superficial to the sternocleidomastoid
◉ What vaccines are safe during pregnancy.
Answer: tdap, flu, Pneumococcal, meningococcal, Hepatitis B, rho
gam
*NOT MMR, polio, or varicella
◉ Know what to be concerned about if you note an irregular rectal
mass.
Answer: · Any masses with irregular borders suspicious for rectal
cancer
A tender purulent reddened mass with fever or chills suggests an
anal abscess. Abscesses tunneling to the skin surface from the anus
or rectum may form a clogged or draining ano-rectal fistula. Fistulas
may ooze blood, pus, or feculent mucus. Consider anoscopy or
sigmoidoscopy for better visualization.
◉ Know what HPV Vac protects against.
Answer: · Prevents infection from HPV subtypes 16, 18, 6 & 11
which cause 90 % of genital warts
· The bivalent vaccine prevents infection from subtypes 16 and 18.
, · Recommended for prevention of cervical, vulvar, and vaginal
cancers and precancers in females as well as anal cancer, precancers,
and genital warts in both female and males
· Vaccinated women should still get cervical cancer screening
because vaccines do not prevent all HPV subtypes
· Condoms do not eliminate the risk of cervical HPV infection
Recommended for those with compromised immune systems
including HIV
◉ Know what a 3-year-old can do in regard to jumping and
balancing.
Answer: · Climbs well, runs easily
· Pedals a tricycle
· Walks up and down stairs, one foot on each step
◉ Know where to place measuring tape when measuring uterus in a
pregnant patient.
Answer: · Measure the fundal height if gestational age is >20 weeks -
fundus should reach the umbilicus
· Place tape measure on pubic symphysis and place the "zero" end of
the tape measure when you can firmly feel that bone.
· Extend the tape measure to the very top of uterine fundus and note
the number of cm measured.
o Subject to error between 16-36 weeks
2026 HISTORY TAKING AND DIAGNOSTIC
FINDINGS INTERPRETATION
◉ functional incontinence.
Answer: the patient is functionally able to reach the toilet in time
because of impaired health or environmental conditions.
Mechanism: problems in mobility resulting from weakness, arthritis,
poor vision, or other conditions. Also environmental factors such as
an unfamiliar setting, distant bathroom facilities, bed rails, or
physical restraints.
◉ Incontinence secondary to medications.
Answer: drugs may contribute to any type of incontinence listed. Ex:
sedatives, tranquilizers, anticholinergics, sympathetic blockers, and
potent diuretics
◉ Know where lymph nodes should be with strep.
Answer: · Strep throat astreptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial infection
that may cause a sore, scratchy throat
· Common childhood infection has a classic presentation of
erythema of the posterior pharynx and palatal petechiae
,· Enlarged swollen cervical lymph nodes -> superficial cervical
lymph nodes
Superficial cervical -> superficial to the sternocleidomastoid
◉ What vaccines are safe during pregnancy.
Answer: tdap, flu, Pneumococcal, meningococcal, Hepatitis B, rho
gam
*NOT MMR, polio, or varicella
◉ Know what to be concerned about if you note an irregular rectal
mass.
Answer: · Any masses with irregular borders suspicious for rectal
cancer
A tender purulent reddened mass with fever or chills suggests an
anal abscess. Abscesses tunneling to the skin surface from the anus
or rectum may form a clogged or draining ano-rectal fistula. Fistulas
may ooze blood, pus, or feculent mucus. Consider anoscopy or
sigmoidoscopy for better visualization.
◉ Know what HPV Vac protects against.
Answer: · Prevents infection from HPV subtypes 16, 18, 6 & 11
which cause 90 % of genital warts
· The bivalent vaccine prevents infection from subtypes 16 and 18.
, · Recommended for prevention of cervical, vulvar, and vaginal
cancers and precancers in females as well as anal cancer, precancers,
and genital warts in both female and males
· Vaccinated women should still get cervical cancer screening
because vaccines do not prevent all HPV subtypes
· Condoms do not eliminate the risk of cervical HPV infection
Recommended for those with compromised immune systems
including HIV
◉ Know what a 3-year-old can do in regard to jumping and
balancing.
Answer: · Climbs well, runs easily
· Pedals a tricycle
· Walks up and down stairs, one foot on each step
◉ Know where to place measuring tape when measuring uterus in a
pregnant patient.
Answer: · Measure the fundal height if gestational age is >20 weeks -
fundus should reach the umbilicus
· Place tape measure on pubic symphysis and place the "zero" end of
the tape measure when you can firmly feel that bone.
· Extend the tape measure to the very top of uterine fundus and note
the number of cm measured.
o Subject to error between 16-36 weeks
