Ergonomics Foundations Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
With reference to Drury's posture evaluation method, what are
Daily Damaging Wrist Motions and how are they calculated? -
correct answer ✅Drury used the term "Daily Damaging Wrist
Motions (DDWM)" as a metric of exposure where a damaging wrist
motion was defined as the frequency of any combination of a grip
or external force with any nonzero wrist exposure. This explains
why considering grip type is important when designing hand tools.
Detail, the relationship between comfort and discomfort, and the
factors that are detailed to affect both differently. -
correct answer ✅There is no widely accepted definition, although
it is beyond dispute that comfort and discomfort are feelings or
emotions that are subjective in nature. However, if they had to be
given a definition comfort would be defined as, "A state of physical
ease and freedom from pain or constraint." And discomfort would
be defined as, "A feeling of being uncomfortable physically or
mentally, or something that causes this." Yet, beside several
subjective methodologies, several objective methods e.g. posture
analysis, pressure measurements, electromyography are in use to
assess in a scientific approach of comfort and/or discomfort.
Explain the relevance of the number 15 in some of the muscle
endurance models. -
correct answer ✅The number 15 is ideal when working out
,Ergonomics Foundations Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
because doing too little isn't enough to build strength and doing
too much will strain your muscles. Thus repeating reps of 15 when
working, shown in muscle endurance models, is the golden number.
Given a mean arm length of 525mm and a standard deviation of 20,
determine the Z score (tables in back of exam paper), the formula
and the actual value from the formula. -
correct answer ✅7th Percentile Z score = -1.48, Formula = -
1.48=(X-525)/20, Answer = 495.4
50th Percentile Z score = 0, Formula = 0=(X-525)/20, Answer = 525
99th Percentile Z score = 2.33, Formula = 2.33=(X-525)/20, Answer
= 571.6
Detail, with an explanation, three risk factors for upper limb work
related musculoskeletal disorders. -
correct answer ✅Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
which include peripheral nerve entrapments, tendon disorders, and
as well as non-specific musculoskeletal regional pain disorders have
become one of the most significant and costly health problems in
the working population. The main work-related factors of this are
rapid work pace and repetitive motion patterns, insufficient
recovery time, heavy lifting and forceful manual exertion, sustained
awkward posture of the wrists, elbows, or shoulders, mechanical
, Ergonomics Foundations Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
pressure concentration, and the use of vibrating hand tools and
psychosocial factors, such as job stress.
Describe the types of scientific data used to determine manual
handling lifting limits. -
correct answer ✅Using SI (Strain Index) is preliminary testing
which determines that jobs that SI scores less than 3 are probably
safe and a score greater than or equal to 7 are probably hazardous.
Thus, using the Strain Index is a great excellent scientific way to
determine manual handling lifting limits.
Explain the principle of how the NIOSH manual handling equation is
calculated and how risk is interpreted. -
correct answer ✅First, determine the task variables needed, then
measure the task variables, and finally enter in the data and
calculate it. The specific task variables that are determined and
measured to achieve the calculation are the horizontal location of
the object relative to the body, the vertical location of the object
relative to the floor, the distance the object is moved vertically, the
asymmetry angle or twisting requirement, the frequency and
duration of lifting activity, and the coupling or quality of the
workers grip on the object.
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
With reference to Drury's posture evaluation method, what are
Daily Damaging Wrist Motions and how are they calculated? -
correct answer ✅Drury used the term "Daily Damaging Wrist
Motions (DDWM)" as a metric of exposure where a damaging wrist
motion was defined as the frequency of any combination of a grip
or external force with any nonzero wrist exposure. This explains
why considering grip type is important when designing hand tools.
Detail, the relationship between comfort and discomfort, and the
factors that are detailed to affect both differently. -
correct answer ✅There is no widely accepted definition, although
it is beyond dispute that comfort and discomfort are feelings or
emotions that are subjective in nature. However, if they had to be
given a definition comfort would be defined as, "A state of physical
ease and freedom from pain or constraint." And discomfort would
be defined as, "A feeling of being uncomfortable physically or
mentally, or something that causes this." Yet, beside several
subjective methodologies, several objective methods e.g. posture
analysis, pressure measurements, electromyography are in use to
assess in a scientific approach of comfort and/or discomfort.
Explain the relevance of the number 15 in some of the muscle
endurance models. -
correct answer ✅The number 15 is ideal when working out
,Ergonomics Foundations Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
because doing too little isn't enough to build strength and doing
too much will strain your muscles. Thus repeating reps of 15 when
working, shown in muscle endurance models, is the golden number.
Given a mean arm length of 525mm and a standard deviation of 20,
determine the Z score (tables in back of exam paper), the formula
and the actual value from the formula. -
correct answer ✅7th Percentile Z score = -1.48, Formula = -
1.48=(X-525)/20, Answer = 495.4
50th Percentile Z score = 0, Formula = 0=(X-525)/20, Answer = 525
99th Percentile Z score = 2.33, Formula = 2.33=(X-525)/20, Answer
= 571.6
Detail, with an explanation, three risk factors for upper limb work
related musculoskeletal disorders. -
correct answer ✅Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
which include peripheral nerve entrapments, tendon disorders, and
as well as non-specific musculoskeletal regional pain disorders have
become one of the most significant and costly health problems in
the working population. The main work-related factors of this are
rapid work pace and repetitive motion patterns, insufficient
recovery time, heavy lifting and forceful manual exertion, sustained
awkward posture of the wrists, elbows, or shoulders, mechanical
, Ergonomics Foundations Exam
Questions & Answers (Grade A+)
pressure concentration, and the use of vibrating hand tools and
psychosocial factors, such as job stress.
Describe the types of scientific data used to determine manual
handling lifting limits. -
correct answer ✅Using SI (Strain Index) is preliminary testing
which determines that jobs that SI scores less than 3 are probably
safe and a score greater than or equal to 7 are probably hazardous.
Thus, using the Strain Index is a great excellent scientific way to
determine manual handling lifting limits.
Explain the principle of how the NIOSH manual handling equation is
calculated and how risk is interpreted. -
correct answer ✅First, determine the task variables needed, then
measure the task variables, and finally enter in the data and
calculate it. The specific task variables that are determined and
measured to achieve the calculation are the horizontal location of
the object relative to the body, the vertical location of the object
relative to the floor, the distance the object is moved vertically, the
asymmetry angle or twisting requirement, the frequency and
duration of lifting activity, and the coupling or quality of the
workers grip on the object.
