NR574 CEA Pre-Diagnostic Assessment
Practice 250 Questions and correct
answers.
Q1. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What is the first-line antihypertensive class
recommended for African American adults without chronic kidney disease?
Answer: Thiazide diuretics or Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs).
Q2. [Nephrology & Urology] What type of urinary cast is characteristically seen in acute
glomerulonephritis?
Answer: Red Blood Cell (RBC) casts.
Q3. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What PaO2/FiO2 ratio threshold is indicative of severe
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Answer: PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 100 mmHg.
Q4. [Gastroenterology] What is the imaging modality of choice for confirming acute
diverticulitis?
Answer: CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast.
Q5. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which cranial nerve is assessed when testing the gag reflex?
Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and Vagus nerve (CN X).
Q6. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which diagnostic imaging modality is considered the
gold standard for confirming a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA).
Q7. [Nephrology & Urology] Which cast type on urinalysis suggests acute pyelonephritis?
Answer: White Blood Cell (WBC) casts.
Q8. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which advanced therapy is indicated for severe ARDS
when low-tidal-volume mechanical ventilation fails?
Answer: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) or prone positioning.
Q9. [Gastroenterology] Which physical exam sign is elicited by deep palpation of the left lower
quadrant causing pain in the right lower quadrant?
Answer: Rovsing's sign.
,Q10. [Neurology & Psychiatry] What screening tool is widely used to evaluate for major
depressive disorder in primary care?
Answer: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
Q11. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What clinical scoring system is most widely used to
determine the pre-test probability of a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer: Wells' Criteria.
Q12. [Nephrology & Urology] An elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level combined with
dark red-brown urine indicates which condition?
Answer: Rhabdomyolysis.
Q13. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What is the initial diagnostic imaging modality for a
suspected pleural effusion?
Answer: Chest X-ray (CXR).
Q14. [Gastroenterology] What is the most common cause of mechanical small bowel
obstruction in adults?
Answer: Postoperative adhesions.
Q15. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which clinical feature distinguishes a TIA from an acute
ischemic stroke?
Answer: Resolution of symptoms within 24 hours without evidence of acute infarction on
imaging.
Q16. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which heart failure type is characterized by an
ejection fraction below 40%?
Answer: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) / Systolic Heart Failure.
Q17. [Nephrology & Urology] What is the primary mechanism behind postrenal acute kidney
injury?
Answer: Urinary tract obstruction (e.g., BPH, nephrolithiasis).
Q18. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which physical exam finding is classic for a tension
pneumothorax?
Answer: Tracheal deviation to the contralateral side and absent breath sounds.
Q19. [Gastroenterology] Which laboratory marker is most specific for acute pancreatitis?
Answer: Serum Lipase.
, Q20. [Neurology & Psychiatry] What is the first-line medication class for long-term
management of generalized anxiety disorder?
Answer: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).
Q21. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What is the target blood pressure goal for a patient
with hypertension according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?
Answer: < 130/80 mmHg.
Q22. [Nephrology & Urology] Which electrolyte abnormality is the most life-threatening
complication of chronic kidney disease?
Answer: Hyperkalemia.
Q23. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What is the primary criteria for initiating long-term oxygen
therapy in a COPD patient?
Answer: PaO2 ≤ 55 mmHg or SaO2 ≤ 88% at rest.
Q24. [Gastroenterology] What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for active variceal
bleeding?
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog).
Q25. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which physical sign involves involuntary flexion of the hip and
knee when the neck is passively flexed?
Answer: Brudzinski's sign.
Q26. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for
myocardial infarction within the first 4-6 hours?
Answer: Cardiac Troponin I or T.
Q27. [Nephrology & Urology] What is the first-line medical management for severe
hyperkalemia with ECG changes?
Answer: Intravenous Calcium Gluconate (for myocardial stabilization).
Q28. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which pathogen is the most common cause of
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Q29. [Gastroenterology] Which diagnostic test is the gold standard for confirming Helicobacter
pylori eradication?
Answer: Urea Breath Test or Stool Antigen Test.
Practice 250 Questions and correct
answers.
Q1. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What is the first-line antihypertensive class
recommended for African American adults without chronic kidney disease?
Answer: Thiazide diuretics or Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs).
Q2. [Nephrology & Urology] What type of urinary cast is characteristically seen in acute
glomerulonephritis?
Answer: Red Blood Cell (RBC) casts.
Q3. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What PaO2/FiO2 ratio threshold is indicative of severe
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Answer: PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 100 mmHg.
Q4. [Gastroenterology] What is the imaging modality of choice for confirming acute
diverticulitis?
Answer: CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast.
Q5. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which cranial nerve is assessed when testing the gag reflex?
Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and Vagus nerve (CN X).
Q6. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which diagnostic imaging modality is considered the
gold standard for confirming a pulmonary embolism?
Answer: Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA).
Q7. [Nephrology & Urology] Which cast type on urinalysis suggests acute pyelonephritis?
Answer: White Blood Cell (WBC) casts.
Q8. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which advanced therapy is indicated for severe ARDS
when low-tidal-volume mechanical ventilation fails?
Answer: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) or prone positioning.
Q9. [Gastroenterology] Which physical exam sign is elicited by deep palpation of the left lower
quadrant causing pain in the right lower quadrant?
Answer: Rovsing's sign.
,Q10. [Neurology & Psychiatry] What screening tool is widely used to evaluate for major
depressive disorder in primary care?
Answer: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
Q11. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What clinical scoring system is most widely used to
determine the pre-test probability of a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Answer: Wells' Criteria.
Q12. [Nephrology & Urology] An elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level combined with
dark red-brown urine indicates which condition?
Answer: Rhabdomyolysis.
Q13. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What is the initial diagnostic imaging modality for a
suspected pleural effusion?
Answer: Chest X-ray (CXR).
Q14. [Gastroenterology] What is the most common cause of mechanical small bowel
obstruction in adults?
Answer: Postoperative adhesions.
Q15. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which clinical feature distinguishes a TIA from an acute
ischemic stroke?
Answer: Resolution of symptoms within 24 hours without evidence of acute infarction on
imaging.
Q16. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which heart failure type is characterized by an
ejection fraction below 40%?
Answer: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) / Systolic Heart Failure.
Q17. [Nephrology & Urology] What is the primary mechanism behind postrenal acute kidney
injury?
Answer: Urinary tract obstruction (e.g., BPH, nephrolithiasis).
Q18. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which physical exam finding is classic for a tension
pneumothorax?
Answer: Tracheal deviation to the contralateral side and absent breath sounds.
Q19. [Gastroenterology] Which laboratory marker is most specific for acute pancreatitis?
Answer: Serum Lipase.
, Q20. [Neurology & Psychiatry] What is the first-line medication class for long-term
management of generalized anxiety disorder?
Answer: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).
Q21. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] What is the target blood pressure goal for a patient
with hypertension according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?
Answer: < 130/80 mmHg.
Q22. [Nephrology & Urology] Which electrolyte abnormality is the most life-threatening
complication of chronic kidney disease?
Answer: Hyperkalemia.
Q23. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] What is the primary criteria for initiating long-term oxygen
therapy in a COPD patient?
Answer: PaO2 ≤ 55 mmHg or SaO2 ≤ 88% at rest.
Q24. [Gastroenterology] What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for active variceal
bleeding?
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog).
Q25. [Neurology & Psychiatry] Which physical sign involves involuntary flexion of the hip and
knee when the neck is passively flexed?
Answer: Brudzinski's sign.
Q26. [Cardiology & Vascular Medicine] Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for
myocardial infarction within the first 4-6 hours?
Answer: Cardiac Troponin I or T.
Q27. [Nephrology & Urology] What is the first-line medical management for severe
hyperkalemia with ECG changes?
Answer: Intravenous Calcium Gluconate (for myocardial stabilization).
Q28. [Pulmonology & Critical Care] Which pathogen is the most common cause of
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Q29. [Gastroenterology] Which diagnostic test is the gold standard for confirming Helicobacter
pylori eradication?
Answer: Urea Breath Test or Stool Antigen Test.
