AICE PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Dement & Kleitman
Answer:
(sleep and dreams)
Biological
Laboratory
Question:
Sleep and dreaming are hard to study because the participants are unresponsive;
therefore physiological measures are needed. Prior to this study psychologists
didn't know how to measure dreams, but a study by Aserinsky and Kleitman in
1955 showed that we experience several REM and nREM stages during the night.
During REM sleep subjects recorded more dream activity than in nREM sleep.
Using an EEG machine, brain activity and eye movement could be measured
objectively.
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman Background
Question:
Find out more about dreaming:
Does dream recall differ between eye movement (REM) and quiescent (nREM)
stages of sleep?
Is there a positive correlation between the subjective estimates of dream duration
and the length of the REM period before waking?
Are eye movement patterns related to dream content?
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman Aims:
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: Sample
Answer:
-7 males and two female adults
-5 were studied, 4 used to confirm results
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: Experimental Design:
Answer:
Test One:Repeated Measures (multiple sleep sessions)
Test Two: Correlation (Repeated Measures)
Test Three: Self Report compared to observed eye movements
Question:
, Dement & Kleitman Controls:
Answer:
-no caffeine or alcohol
-sufficiently loud waking doorbell
-experimenter only asked question after participant complete recording
-Reports not counted as dreams if participant couldn't remember content or
vaguely remembered
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test One) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable: Waken from REM or nREM sleep
-Dependent Variable- If recalled dream
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test Two) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable- Whether woken after 5 or 15 minutes
-Dependent Variable- accuracy of dream length estimates & dream description
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test Three) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable- eye movement directions (horizontal/vertical/both/none)
-Dependent Variable- Dream content
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: What happened?
Answer:
-Report to lab before normal bedtime
-Slept in dark, quiet room with electrodes beside eyes and on scalp (wires
gathered into single cord, like ponytail to make it easy to move around)
-Participants woken in REM or nREM sleep, but not told which.
-Asked to describe dream, and return to sleep.
-Weren't told EEG pattern of if eyes moved
Question:
Participants woken from REM or nREM (not told which) in different ways
-After woken participants said if dreamed and described dream in a recorder
-Experimenter occasionally entered room to ask questions about dream
-No further communication after
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman (Procedures specified by aims) Aim 1:-
Question:
Dement & Kleitman-To test Aim 1, how were participants
woken
Answer:
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
Dement & Kleitman
Answer:
(sleep and dreams)
Biological
Laboratory
Question:
Sleep and dreaming are hard to study because the participants are unresponsive;
therefore physiological measures are needed. Prior to this study psychologists
didn't know how to measure dreams, but a study by Aserinsky and Kleitman in
1955 showed that we experience several REM and nREM stages during the night.
During REM sleep subjects recorded more dream activity than in nREM sleep.
Using an EEG machine, brain activity and eye movement could be measured
objectively.
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman Background
Question:
Find out more about dreaming:
Does dream recall differ between eye movement (REM) and quiescent (nREM)
stages of sleep?
Is there a positive correlation between the subjective estimates of dream duration
and the length of the REM period before waking?
Are eye movement patterns related to dream content?
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman Aims:
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: Sample
Answer:
-7 males and two female adults
-5 were studied, 4 used to confirm results
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: Experimental Design:
Answer:
Test One:Repeated Measures (multiple sleep sessions)
Test Two: Correlation (Repeated Measures)
Test Three: Self Report compared to observed eye movements
Question:
, Dement & Kleitman Controls:
Answer:
-no caffeine or alcohol
-sufficiently loud waking doorbell
-experimenter only asked question after participant complete recording
-Reports not counted as dreams if participant couldn't remember content or
vaguely remembered
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test One) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable: Waken from REM or nREM sleep
-Dependent Variable- If recalled dream
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test Two) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable- Whether woken after 5 or 15 minutes
-Dependent Variable- accuracy of dream length estimates & dream description
Question:
Dement & Kleitman (Test Three) Variables:
Answer:
-Independent Variable- eye movement directions (horizontal/vertical/both/none)
-Dependent Variable- Dream content
Question:
Dement & Kleitman: What happened?
Answer:
-Report to lab before normal bedtime
-Slept in dark, quiet room with electrodes beside eyes and on scalp (wires
gathered into single cord, like ponytail to make it easy to move around)
-Participants woken in REM or nREM sleep, but not told which.
-Asked to describe dream, and return to sleep.
-Weren't told EEG pattern of if eyes moved
Question:
Participants woken from REM or nREM (not told which) in different ways
-After woken participants said if dreamed and described dream in a recorder
-Experimenter occasionally entered room to ask questions about dream
-No further communication after
Answer:
Dement & Kleitman (Procedures specified by aims) Aim 1:-
Question:
Dement & Kleitman-To test Aim 1, how were participants
woken
Answer:
