AH 4239 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. 3 Types of research
Answer:
Descriptive
Correlation
Experimental
Question:
2. Designed to depict participants in an accurate way
Information is collected without changing environment or conditions
Observational
Non-experimental
EX. What beverages do college students consume daily?
On average, how many times per week do UConn students eat at a fast food
restaurant?
Answer:
Descriptive
Question:
3. Relationship/association between two variables
Likelihood that when a change is observed in variable A, a change will also be
observed in variable B
Non-experimental
EX. What is the relationship between daily hours of studying and daily alcohol
consumption?
Is weekly fast food consumption related to weekly frequency of aerobic exercise?
Answer:
Correlational
Question:
4. Correlational research
Answer:
The nature of existing relationships, how STRONGLY related
NO cause/effect
Positive
Negative
Curvilinear
No relationship
,Question:
5. What is the third-variable problem?
Answer:
How well X can predict Y
Increase income will lead to increased exercise and decreased anxiety (income is
the third variable)
Limitations of non experimental research
Question:
6. Types of correlation
Answer:
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
No correlation
Question:
7. Correlation Coefficent
Answer:
Indicates strength and direction, represented by (r or R)
ranges from -1 to +1
Question:
8. What is R^2?
Answer:
% variance in Y accounted for by X
Question:
9. Study in which a treatment, procedure, or program is intentionally introduced
Something is purposely changed by the researcher
Control is used to prevent outside factors from influencing study outcomes
EX. Does a low carb diet compared to a low fat diet result in greater weight loss
among college students?
Does running 3x per week for 6 months have an effect on fast food consumption?
Answer:
Experimental
, Question:
10. Understanding correlation coefficient
Answer:
Given output:
r= .834 (what can you say about this value?)
r2= 0.695
What is the percent variance (how well does 'X' predict 'Y'?)
69.5%
What does that mean? What amount of variability is left unaccounted for?
30.5% (what does this imply?)
Question:
11. Variables
Answer:
Independent variable (IV) - manipulated or tested by the scientist
Dependent variable (DV) - measured outcome of interest in/aspect of participant
(be able to identify them)
Question:
12. Experiments
Answer:
Manipulation of variables (EX: Effects of medication to reduce hypertension)
What is the primary goal --> Show cause/effect relationship between an
action/condition (IV) and an observed response (DV)
Experimental control
Question:
13. Confounding variables
Answer:
Extraneous variables that could impact your impact your data collection/results
Experiments are designed to control for confounding variables.
Example: Effects of acupuncture on shoulder pain & subjects are on pain
medication
Question:
14. Probability sampling
Answer:
Random selection
Every unit has an equal chance of being chosen
The sample should be free of any sampling errors (its exists, due to chance)
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. 3 Types of research
Answer:
Descriptive
Correlation
Experimental
Question:
2. Designed to depict participants in an accurate way
Information is collected without changing environment or conditions
Observational
Non-experimental
EX. What beverages do college students consume daily?
On average, how many times per week do UConn students eat at a fast food
restaurant?
Answer:
Descriptive
Question:
3. Relationship/association between two variables
Likelihood that when a change is observed in variable A, a change will also be
observed in variable B
Non-experimental
EX. What is the relationship between daily hours of studying and daily alcohol
consumption?
Is weekly fast food consumption related to weekly frequency of aerobic exercise?
Answer:
Correlational
Question:
4. Correlational research
Answer:
The nature of existing relationships, how STRONGLY related
NO cause/effect
Positive
Negative
Curvilinear
No relationship
,Question:
5. What is the third-variable problem?
Answer:
How well X can predict Y
Increase income will lead to increased exercise and decreased anxiety (income is
the third variable)
Limitations of non experimental research
Question:
6. Types of correlation
Answer:
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
No correlation
Question:
7. Correlation Coefficent
Answer:
Indicates strength and direction, represented by (r or R)
ranges from -1 to +1
Question:
8. What is R^2?
Answer:
% variance in Y accounted for by X
Question:
9. Study in which a treatment, procedure, or program is intentionally introduced
Something is purposely changed by the researcher
Control is used to prevent outside factors from influencing study outcomes
EX. Does a low carb diet compared to a low fat diet result in greater weight loss
among college students?
Does running 3x per week for 6 months have an effect on fast food consumption?
Answer:
Experimental
, Question:
10. Understanding correlation coefficient
Answer:
Given output:
r= .834 (what can you say about this value?)
r2= 0.695
What is the percent variance (how well does 'X' predict 'Y'?)
69.5%
What does that mean? What amount of variability is left unaccounted for?
30.5% (what does this imply?)
Question:
11. Variables
Answer:
Independent variable (IV) - manipulated or tested by the scientist
Dependent variable (DV) - measured outcome of interest in/aspect of participant
(be able to identify them)
Question:
12. Experiments
Answer:
Manipulation of variables (EX: Effects of medication to reduce hypertension)
What is the primary goal --> Show cause/effect relationship between an
action/condition (IV) and an observed response (DV)
Experimental control
Question:
13. Confounding variables
Answer:
Extraneous variables that could impact your impact your data collection/results
Experiments are designed to control for confounding variables.
Example: Effects of acupuncture on shoulder pain & subjects are on pain
medication
Question:
14. Probability sampling
Answer:
Random selection
Every unit has an equal chance of being chosen
The sample should be free of any sampling errors (its exists, due to chance)
