APHY 201 EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. The three types of muscle tissue are ________________,
__________________, and _________________. Which ones are voluntary
vs involuntary? Which ones are striated? Which are multi-
nucleated?
Answer:
Skeletal (voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated),
Smooth (involuntary, not striated)
Question:
2. The term for a muscle cell is ___________________
Answer:
myocyte
Question:
3. The term for a muscle cell membrane is ____________________
Answer:
Sarcolemma
Question:
4. The term for muscle cytoplasm is ________________________
Answer:
Sarcoplasm
Question:
5. The term for muscle modified endoplasmic reticulum is
__________________________
Answer:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Question:
6. Skeletal muscle fibers are bundled into ____________________
which are surrounded by ________________________________.
Answer:
Fascicles; connective tissue
,Question:
7. Define myofibril
Answer:
Contractile fibers in muscle cells
Question:
8. Define Transverse Tubule
Answer:
Passageways through muscle cells allowing impulses to penetrate
Question:
9. Define Thin filament
Answer:
Actin protein strands in sarcomeres
Question:
10. Define Thick filament
Answer:
Myosin protein strands in sarcomeres
Question:
11. Define Sarcomere
Answer:
The contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Question:
12. Define Z disc
Answer:
Protein disk within the sarcomere that anchors thin filaments
Question:
13. Define Dark band
Answer:
Area of a sarcomere where thick and thin filaments overlap (A band)
Question:
14. Define Light band
Answer:
Area in a sarcomere where only thin filaments are present (I band)
, Question:
15. Muscle tension
Answer:
The force generated by a contracting muscle
Question:
16. Load
Answer:
The force exerted by an object on a muscle
Question:
17. Contraction
Answer:
Muscle action that decreases the angle at a joint
Question:
18. Relaxation
Answer:
Return of a muscle to its original form
Question:
19. Describe what happens at the neuromuscular junction to
initiate a contraction.
Answer:
Acetylcholine is released, generating an action potential in the muscle cell
Question:
20. What are the steps of excitation-contraction coupling?
Answer:
The action potential triggers Ca2+ release, enabling myosin-actin cross-bridging
Question:
21. Describe the steps of a muscle contraction.
Answer:
Ca2+ binds to troponin, myosin heads attach to actin forming cross bridges,
power strokes use ATP to pull thin filaments past thick ones
Question:
22. What is a cross bridge
Answer:
Myosin head attached to actin
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. The three types of muscle tissue are ________________,
__________________, and _________________. Which ones are voluntary
vs involuntary? Which ones are striated? Which are multi-
nucleated?
Answer:
Skeletal (voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated),
Smooth (involuntary, not striated)
Question:
2. The term for a muscle cell is ___________________
Answer:
myocyte
Question:
3. The term for a muscle cell membrane is ____________________
Answer:
Sarcolemma
Question:
4. The term for muscle cytoplasm is ________________________
Answer:
Sarcoplasm
Question:
5. The term for muscle modified endoplasmic reticulum is
__________________________
Answer:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Question:
6. Skeletal muscle fibers are bundled into ____________________
which are surrounded by ________________________________.
Answer:
Fascicles; connective tissue
,Question:
7. Define myofibril
Answer:
Contractile fibers in muscle cells
Question:
8. Define Transverse Tubule
Answer:
Passageways through muscle cells allowing impulses to penetrate
Question:
9. Define Thin filament
Answer:
Actin protein strands in sarcomeres
Question:
10. Define Thick filament
Answer:
Myosin protein strands in sarcomeres
Question:
11. Define Sarcomere
Answer:
The contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Question:
12. Define Z disc
Answer:
Protein disk within the sarcomere that anchors thin filaments
Question:
13. Define Dark band
Answer:
Area of a sarcomere where thick and thin filaments overlap (A band)
Question:
14. Define Light band
Answer:
Area in a sarcomere where only thin filaments are present (I band)
, Question:
15. Muscle tension
Answer:
The force generated by a contracting muscle
Question:
16. Load
Answer:
The force exerted by an object on a muscle
Question:
17. Contraction
Answer:
Muscle action that decreases the angle at a joint
Question:
18. Relaxation
Answer:
Return of a muscle to its original form
Question:
19. Describe what happens at the neuromuscular junction to
initiate a contraction.
Answer:
Acetylcholine is released, generating an action potential in the muscle cell
Question:
20. What are the steps of excitation-contraction coupling?
Answer:
The action potential triggers Ca2+ release, enabling myosin-actin cross-bridging
Question:
21. Describe the steps of a muscle contraction.
Answer:
Ca2+ binds to troponin, myosin heads attach to actin forming cross bridges,
power strokes use ATP to pull thin filaments past thick ones
Question:
22. What is a cross bridge
Answer:
Myosin head attached to actin
