HOSA NUTRITION [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Question and Answer | STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS
• Aerobic metabolism -✓✓ Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called
oxidation.
• Albumin -✓✓ Protein that occurs in blood plasma
• Alkalosis -✓✓ Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from,
the body.
• Amino acids -✓✓ Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is
composed
• Amphetamines -✓✓ Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
• Anemia -✓✓ Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or
blood volume.
• Angina pectoris -✓✓ Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
• arteriosclerosis -✓✓ Generic term for thickened arteries
• Arthritis -✓✓ Chronic disease involving the joints
• ascites -✓✓ Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
• aspartame -✓✓ Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require
insulin for metabolism
• aspirated -✓✓ Inhaled or suctioned
• Atherosclerosis -✓✓ a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the
artery walls
• avitaminosis -✓✓ Without vitamins
• Beriberi -✓✓ Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel
heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
• Basal metabolism rate BMR -✓✓ The rate at which energy is needed for body
maintenance.
, • bile -✓✓ Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of
fat.
• Bioavailable -✓✓ The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body
• biotin -✓✓ a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
• Bolus -✓✓ Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
• Botulism -✓✓ Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum
• bran -✓✓ outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose and
protein
• Buffer systems -✓✓ Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body
fluids
• Cachexia -✓✓ Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
• caliper -✓✓ Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement
• calorie -✓✓ Represents the amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of
water 1°C
• Carboxypeptidase -✓✓ pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion
• nutrients (6) -✓✓ Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good
health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
• Essential nutrient -✓✓ Nutrients found only in food
• Carbohydrates -✓✓ About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action.
Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
• Monosaccharides -✓✓ Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be
easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include
glucose fructose and galactose
• Disaccharides -✓✓ Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are
sucrose maltose and lactose
• Lactose intolerance -✓✓ Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the enzyme
lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
Question and Answer | STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS
• Aerobic metabolism -✓✓ Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called
oxidation.
• Albumin -✓✓ Protein that occurs in blood plasma
• Alkalosis -✓✓ Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from,
the body.
• Amino acids -✓✓ Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is
composed
• Amphetamines -✓✓ Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
• Anemia -✓✓ Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or
blood volume.
• Angina pectoris -✓✓ Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
• arteriosclerosis -✓✓ Generic term for thickened arteries
• Arthritis -✓✓ Chronic disease involving the joints
• ascites -✓✓ Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
• aspartame -✓✓ Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require
insulin for metabolism
• aspirated -✓✓ Inhaled or suctioned
• Atherosclerosis -✓✓ a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the
artery walls
• avitaminosis -✓✓ Without vitamins
• Beriberi -✓✓ Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel
heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
• Basal metabolism rate BMR -✓✓ The rate at which energy is needed for body
maintenance.
, • bile -✓✓ Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of
fat.
• Bioavailable -✓✓ The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body
• biotin -✓✓ a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
• Bolus -✓✓ Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
• Botulism -✓✓ Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum
• bran -✓✓ outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose and
protein
• Buffer systems -✓✓ Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body
fluids
• Cachexia -✓✓ Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
• caliper -✓✓ Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement
• calorie -✓✓ Represents the amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of
water 1°C
• Carboxypeptidase -✓✓ pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion
• nutrients (6) -✓✓ Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good
health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
• Essential nutrient -✓✓ Nutrients found only in food
• Carbohydrates -✓✓ About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action.
Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
• Monosaccharides -✓✓ Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be
easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include
glucose fructose and galactose
• Disaccharides -✓✓ Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are
sucrose maltose and lactose
• Lactose intolerance -✓✓ Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the enzyme
lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
