HOSA NUTRITION [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Question and Answer | FINAL REVIEW & VERIFIED ANSWERS

HOSA NUTRITION [2026] UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Question and Answer | FINAL REVIEW & VERIFIED
ANSWERS
• Carbohydrates . CORRECT ANSWER: any of a large group of organic
compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and
oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for
energy storage within living tissues


• Types of Carbohydrates . CORRECT ANSWER: Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides


• Definition of Monosaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: Any of the class of
sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.


• Definition of Disaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: Any of a class of sugars
whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.


• Definition of Oligosaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: carbohydrates that
contain between 3 and 10 single sugar residues


• Definition of Polysaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: A carbohydrate that can
be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides


• Definition of Nucleotides . CORRECT ANSWER: A nucleotide is the basic
building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA).

,• Types of Monosaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: glucose, fructose, galactose


• Types of Disaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: sucrose, lactose, maltose


• Types of Oligosaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: Fru, d-fructose; Fuc, l-
fucose; Gal, d-galactose; Glc, d-glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; NeuAc,
N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid).


• Types of Polysaccharides . CORRECT ANSWER: starch, glycogen, cellulose


• Types of Nucleotides . CORRECT ANSWER: DNA nucleotides: adenine (A),
thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), it contains the
base uracil (U)


• Definition of glucose . CORRECT ANSWER: A simple sugar that is an
important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many
carbohydrates.


• Definition of fructose . CORRECT ANSWER: Sugar found especially in honey
and fruit.


• Definition of galactose . CORRECT ANSWER: A sugar of the hexose class
which is a constituent of lactose and many polysaccharides also find in milk.


• Definition of sucrose . CORRECT ANSWER: A compound which is the chief
component of cane or beet sugar.

, • Definition of lactose . CORRECT ANSWER: A sugar present in milk. It is a
disaccharide containing glucose and galactose units.


• Definition of maltose . CORRECT ANSWER: A sugar produced by the
breakdown of starch, e.g. by enzymes found in malt and saliva. It is a disaccharide
consisting of two linked glucose units.


• Definition of Fru, d-fructose . CORRECT ANSWER: D-Fructose is a metabolite
found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). It has a role as a
sweetening agent.


• Definition of Fuc, l-fucose . CORRECT ANSWER: L-Fucose is a metabolite
found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). E. coli
Metabolome Database (ECMDB) L-Fucose contains a Fucose motif and is often
attached to a Ser/Thr aglycon.


• Definition of Gal, d-galactose . CORRECT ANSWER: D-Galactose is a
metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-
Galactose is a natural product found in Vigna subterranea, Lilium tenuifolium, and
other organisms with data available.


• Definition of GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine . CORRECT ANSWER: N-
Acetylgalactosamine, also known as GalNAc, belongs to the class of organic
compounds known as N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines. These are carbohydrate
derivatives containing a hexose moiety in which the oxygen atom is replaced by an
N-acyl group.


• Definition of NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid) . CORRECT
ANSWER: N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic