IAH 206 - FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

IAH 206 - FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. THE POLITICAL SELF What is the issue of assimilation? What are the forms that it can take?
Answer:
Assimilation are groups defined by affiliation that tend towards echo-chambers the more they become
sealed off from out-group. Their internal dialogue is amplified; their language can be purely
group-inclusive.

Question:
2. THE POLITICAL SELF What is the issue of differentiation? What are the forms that it can take?
Answer:
With differentiation groups are defined by defining yourself by what you're not required rangeable enemies
(where theya re real or not).

Question:
3. THE POLITICAL SELF What is bedrock social organization dilemmas?
Answer:
Any social problem that arises in large scale societies because of the diversity of its constitutions. (e.g.
issues about cooperation, issues about allocation of resources, and issues about how to punish rule
breakers.)

Question:
4. THE POLITICAL SELF What is the issue of moral conviction?
Answer:
-Moral conviction is the strong and absolute belief that x is right or wrong - without the need for any proof
or evidence that it is right or wrong. Moral conviction is based on emotion or gut feeling, there is little
cognitive effort.
- This allows for social legitimacy to express one's convictions, one to advocate for positions where one
has no state, one to support policies that go against one's interest, lastly it informs one's political
engagement (or lack of political engagement).

Question:
5. POLITICAL SELF What is the moral foundation theory?
Answer:
Moral judgements and political beliefs are tootes in a set of innate moral foundations rather than solely on
rational or individual preference.

Question:
6. POLITICAL SELF What is the optimal-distinctiveness theory?
Answer:
too much national identity thereants the need for individual.subgroup expression.

,Question:
7. POLITICAL SELF What is the relation between politics and morality?
Answer:
- Political convictions often reflect deeper moral concerns or feelings
- how certain and rigid ones political convictions are is a function of how deeply the moral foundations are
thought to be objective and universal.

Question:
8. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY Why did reason arise?
Answer:
It arose because of persuasion.

Question:
9. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is persuasion?
Answer:
the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something. It doesn't lead
to truth.

Question:
10. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is evolution?
Answer:
evolution is the process of change over time.

Question:
11. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is the issue of truth?
Answer:
There are two forms of truth. Empirical truth: not typically, survival has usually guangrees agreement on
empeiral facts. Abstract/moral truth: typically if a truth does not immediately affect food/clothing/shelter
then disagreement is easiest. Justice the good, right and wrong, who deserves what.

Question:
12. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY Truth vs. Persuasion when are each of them important?
Answer:
-Truth is important on simple empirical matters about survival.
- Persuasion is more important on matters of "abstract concepts" about justice, politics, morality, what a
good life is, who a good person is, etc.

Question:
13. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is biases and metabiases? How are they different?
Answer:
- A meta biases makes our biases work against us by disallowing us to see other biases for what they are.
- while biases are evolutionary and useful, and are shortcuts to getting things done when it counts.

Question:
14. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is confirmation and conformity biases? How are
they different?

, Answer:
- Confirmation biases is the psychological tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs while
ignoring evidence that disconfirms our beliefs.
- Conformity biases is the psychological tendency to accept evidence that confirms out group identities
while ignoring evidence that challenges our group identities.

Question:
15. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is truth and social cohesion?
Answer:
- Empirical truth: not typically, survival has usually guaranteed agreement on empirical facts/
- Abstract moral truth is a truth that does not immediately affect food/clothing. shelter, and the
disagreement is easier.
- These shape our identities.

Question:
16. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What are some issues about group identity?
Answer:
- Once we strongly identify with an in-group it is difficult to accept beliefs that go against the group
identity.
- The beliefs we have with group identity need not have anything to do with truth.

Question:
17. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is Creed War?
Answer:
Creed war is violence and oppression centred around ideas. Furthermore it is the tendency to think we
understand others' worldviews better then they understand our worldviews.

Question:
18. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What are some current examples of Creed War?
Answer:
- Complained from the right: the war on christianity. The left is relentlessly driven to expunge christianity
from society.
- Complaints from the left: the war on women. The right is relentlessly driven to take control over women's
bodies and choices.

Question:
19. RAUCH ON TRIBAL EPIS- TEMOLOGY What is an effect of Creed War?
Answer:
Affects polarization- emotional hostility toward the other political party or group, as opposed to
non-hostile disagreements over issues.

Question:
20. ORWELL: 1984 Major characters within Orwell?