BIOL-159 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Which of the following polysaccharides composes the
cell wall of fungi?
Starch
Peptidoglycan
Glycogen
Chitin
Answer:
Chitin
Question:
Galactosemia is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in
humans who lack the enzyme that converts galactose to
glucose. To treat this disease, physicians exclude the
monosaccharide galactose from the diet. Which of the
following would you also predict to be excluded from
the diet?
Starch
Mannose
Lactose
Maltose
Answer:
Lactose
Question:
Which statement best summarizes a key difference in the
structure of polysaccharides that function in energy
storage verses those used in structural support?
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from β-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form straight chains that bond
with adjacent chains.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from α-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form straight chains that bond
with adjacent chains.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage form
straight chains that bond with adjacent chains, whereas
polysaccharides used in structural support are built from
α glycosidic linkages.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from α-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form helical chains that are
,highly branched.
Answer:
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built from α-glycosidic
linkages, whereas polysaccharides used in structural support form straight chains
that bond with adjacent chains
Question:
Which statement best explains why a relatively small
difference in the location of a carbonyl or hydroxyl
group can lead to dramatic changes in the properties
and function of a monosaccharide?
It changes the amount of energy stored in the
monosaccharide.
It changes the number of covalent bonds in the
monosaccharide.
It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.
It changes the chemical formula of the monosaccharide.
Answer:
It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.
Question:
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
__________.
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β-
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α-glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
The monomer of starch is fructose, while the monomer of
cellulose is glucose.
Starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds and
cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds.
The monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of
cellulose is galactose.
Answer:
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but
not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
Question:
Which of the following would you expect to have the
most free energy per gram? The most free energy per
gram would be found in a molecule with ______.
Carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms only
A variety of atoms that are found in cells
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms only
,Answer:
Carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Question:
Which of the following structural features is common to
cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan?
They are all composed of glucose in either the α or β
form
They can all form bonds between polymer chains that
create parallel strands.
They all contain peptide bonds
They are all composed of highly branched fibers.
Answer:
They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands.
Question:
The R group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -
CH2-OH. The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid
leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to
find these amino acids in a globular protein in an aqueous
solution?
Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on
the exterior of globular protein.
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on
the exterior of the globular protein.
Serine and leucine would both be on the exterior of the
globular protein.
Serine and leucine would both be in the interior of the
globular protein.
Answer:
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the
globular protein.
Question:
The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made from chains of
nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of three components:
five carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), a
nitrogenous bade attached to the sugar's 1-carbon, and a
phosphate group attached to the sugar's 5'-carbon. Sort
these nucleotide building blocks by their name or
classification.
Answer:
, Question:
Sort the parts of a nucleic acid according to whether
each occurs exclusively in DNA, exclusively in RNA, or in
both types of nucleic acid.
Answer:
Question:
Identify three possible components of a DNA nucleotide.
Cytosine, phosphate group, ribose
Adenine, phosphate group, ribose
Guanine, phosphate group, ribose
Cytidine, phosphate group, ribosome
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, uracil
Answer:
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
Question:
Complete the following vocabulary exercise relating to
the level of structure in proteins. Match the words in the
left hand column with the appropriate blank in the
sentences in the right-hand column.
Answer:
Question:
Sort the images according to the level of structure in the
proteins shown. Sort items into the appropriate bin.
Answer:
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Which of the following polysaccharides composes the
cell wall of fungi?
Starch
Peptidoglycan
Glycogen
Chitin
Answer:
Chitin
Question:
Galactosemia is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in
humans who lack the enzyme that converts galactose to
glucose. To treat this disease, physicians exclude the
monosaccharide galactose from the diet. Which of the
following would you also predict to be excluded from
the diet?
Starch
Mannose
Lactose
Maltose
Answer:
Lactose
Question:
Which statement best summarizes a key difference in the
structure of polysaccharides that function in energy
storage verses those used in structural support?
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from β-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form straight chains that bond
with adjacent chains.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from α-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form straight chains that bond
with adjacent chains.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage form
straight chains that bond with adjacent chains, whereas
polysaccharides used in structural support are built from
α glycosidic linkages.
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built
from α-glycosidic linkages, whereas polysaccharides
used in structural support form helical chains that are
,highly branched.
Answer:
Polysaccharides that function in energy storage are built from α-glycosidic
linkages, whereas polysaccharides used in structural support form straight chains
that bond with adjacent chains
Question:
Which statement best explains why a relatively small
difference in the location of a carbonyl or hydroxyl
group can lead to dramatic changes in the properties
and function of a monosaccharide?
It changes the amount of energy stored in the
monosaccharide.
It changes the number of covalent bonds in the
monosaccharide.
It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.
It changes the chemical formula of the monosaccharide.
Answer:
It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.
Question:
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
__________.
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β-
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α-glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-
glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic
linkages of cellulose.
The monomer of starch is fructose, while the monomer of
cellulose is glucose.
Starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds and
cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds.
The monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of
cellulose is galactose.
Answer:
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but
not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
Question:
Which of the following would you expect to have the
most free energy per gram? The most free energy per
gram would be found in a molecule with ______.
Carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms only
A variety of atoms that are found in cells
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms only
,Answer:
Carbon and hydrogen atoms only
Question:
Which of the following structural features is common to
cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan?
They are all composed of glucose in either the α or β
form
They can all form bonds between polymer chains that
create parallel strands.
They all contain peptide bonds
They are all composed of highly branched fibers.
Answer:
They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands.
Question:
The R group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -
CH2-OH. The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid
leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to
find these amino acids in a globular protein in an aqueous
solution?
Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on
the exterior of globular protein.
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on
the exterior of the globular protein.
Serine and leucine would both be on the exterior of the
globular protein.
Serine and leucine would both be in the interior of the
globular protein.
Answer:
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the
globular protein.
Question:
The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made from chains of
nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of three components:
five carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), a
nitrogenous bade attached to the sugar's 1-carbon, and a
phosphate group attached to the sugar's 5'-carbon. Sort
these nucleotide building blocks by their name or
classification.
Answer:
, Question:
Sort the parts of a nucleic acid according to whether
each occurs exclusively in DNA, exclusively in RNA, or in
both types of nucleic acid.
Answer:
Question:
Identify three possible components of a DNA nucleotide.
Cytosine, phosphate group, ribose
Adenine, phosphate group, ribose
Guanine, phosphate group, ribose
Cytidine, phosphate group, ribosome
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, uracil
Answer:
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
Question:
Complete the following vocabulary exercise relating to
the level of structure in proteins. Match the words in the
left hand column with the appropriate blank in the
sentences in the right-hand column.
Answer:
Question:
Sort the images according to the level of structure in the
proteins shown. Sort items into the appropriate bin.
Answer:
