BIOL 1503 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Homologous
Answer:
shared similarities due to common ancestry of the same structure/phenotype
under every variety of form and function
EX) human arm and foreleg of dog
Question:
2. Analogous
Answer:
the independent origin of similar traits from a dissimilar ancestral condition
Question:
3. Monophyletic grouping
Answer:
made up of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
Question:
4. Polyphyletic grouping
Answer:
grouping that lacks the common ancestor of the species in the group
multiple ancestors
Question:
5. Paraphyletic grouping
Answer:
Consists of an ancestor and some, but not all, of that ancestor's descendants
Question:
6. What are the differences between the 3 domains?
Answer:
presence of introns/Genome structure
RNA polymerase
nucelar envelope
membrane bound organelles
,Question:
7. What separates bacteria from archaea and eukarya?
Answer:
the presence of introns, several RNA polymerase
Question:
8. What separates Archaea from eukarya?
Answer:
Eukaraya a nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles
Question:
9. Types of prokaryotes
Answer:
bacteria and archaea
Question:
10. Characteristics of prokaryotes
Answer:
unicellular
no membrane bound organelles
no cytoskeleton
circular chromosomes
can't change shape ( no -cytosis)
Question:
11. Difference between gram positive and gram negative
bacteria?
Answer:
positive: thick peptidoglycan layer, less complex ,dark blue/ purple
negative: thin peptidoglycan layer, more complex, pink
Question:
12. How do prokaryotes move?
Answer:
Their capsules are sticky and the fimbrae or pilli allow them to stick to their
substrates or other individuals in the colony
Question:
13. How do prokaryotes reproduce asexually?
Answer:
binary fission- mitosis
, Question:
14. How do prokaryotes reproduce sexually?
Answer:
conjugation- transfer of DNA between two bacteria
transformation- uptake of foreign DNA from the environment
transduction- viruses carry bacterial DNA from one host cell to another
Question:
15. What are the two modes of nutrition for prokaryotes?
Answer:
autotrophs: make their own food
heterotrophs: eat something for energy
Question:
16. Types of autotrophs
Answer:
photo: energy from light, CO2 as carbon source
chemo: energy from inorganic chemicals, CO2 as carbon source
Question:
17. Types of heterotrophs
Answer:
photo: energy from light, organic compounds as carbon source
chemo: energy from organic chemicals, organic compounds as carbon source
Question:
18. Metabolic Relationships to oxygen in prokaryotes
Answer:
obligate aerobes: require oxygen
facultative anaerobes: can survive with or without the presence of oxygen
Question:
19. Importance of Bacteria and Archaea
Answer:
components of ecosystem
symbiotic relationships
micro biomes
research tools
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Homologous
Answer:
shared similarities due to common ancestry of the same structure/phenotype
under every variety of form and function
EX) human arm and foreleg of dog
Question:
2. Analogous
Answer:
the independent origin of similar traits from a dissimilar ancestral condition
Question:
3. Monophyletic grouping
Answer:
made up of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
Question:
4. Polyphyletic grouping
Answer:
grouping that lacks the common ancestor of the species in the group
multiple ancestors
Question:
5. Paraphyletic grouping
Answer:
Consists of an ancestor and some, but not all, of that ancestor's descendants
Question:
6. What are the differences between the 3 domains?
Answer:
presence of introns/Genome structure
RNA polymerase
nucelar envelope
membrane bound organelles
,Question:
7. What separates bacteria from archaea and eukarya?
Answer:
the presence of introns, several RNA polymerase
Question:
8. What separates Archaea from eukarya?
Answer:
Eukaraya a nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles
Question:
9. Types of prokaryotes
Answer:
bacteria and archaea
Question:
10. Characteristics of prokaryotes
Answer:
unicellular
no membrane bound organelles
no cytoskeleton
circular chromosomes
can't change shape ( no -cytosis)
Question:
11. Difference between gram positive and gram negative
bacteria?
Answer:
positive: thick peptidoglycan layer, less complex ,dark blue/ purple
negative: thin peptidoglycan layer, more complex, pink
Question:
12. How do prokaryotes move?
Answer:
Their capsules are sticky and the fimbrae or pilli allow them to stick to their
substrates or other individuals in the colony
Question:
13. How do prokaryotes reproduce asexually?
Answer:
binary fission- mitosis
, Question:
14. How do prokaryotes reproduce sexually?
Answer:
conjugation- transfer of DNA between two bacteria
transformation- uptake of foreign DNA from the environment
transduction- viruses carry bacterial DNA from one host cell to another
Question:
15. What are the two modes of nutrition for prokaryotes?
Answer:
autotrophs: make their own food
heterotrophs: eat something for energy
Question:
16. Types of autotrophs
Answer:
photo: energy from light, CO2 as carbon source
chemo: energy from inorganic chemicals, CO2 as carbon source
Question:
17. Types of heterotrophs
Answer:
photo: energy from light, organic compounds as carbon source
chemo: energy from organic chemicals, organic compounds as carbon source
Question:
18. Metabolic Relationships to oxygen in prokaryotes
Answer:
obligate aerobes: require oxygen
facultative anaerobes: can survive with or without the presence of oxygen
Question:
19. Importance of Bacteria and Archaea
Answer:
components of ecosystem
symbiotic relationships
micro biomes
research tools
