ESRM 451 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

ESRM 451 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Frequency
Answer:
The number of times a specific value, event, or observation occurs within a dataset

Question:
2. Sample
Answer:
A subset of the population

Question:
3. Mean
Answer:
Average value of a vector

Question:
4. Mode
Answer:
Most common occur number in a vector

Question:
5. Median
Answer:
Middle point value of a vector

Question:
6. Standard Error
Answer:
Precision of parameter estimates

Question:
7. Coefficient Variation
Answer:
Standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.

Question:
8. Study Objectives

, Answer:
1. what is the quantity to be estimated (e.g., abundance, occupancy, survival, etc.)
2. what is the temporal and spatial scope of the study (e.g., the study area size and the duration of the
study)
3. what is the criteria for reliability (e.g., precision, CV)
4. what are the practical constraints such as cost, manpower, safety, permits/protocols

Question:
9. Target Population
Answer:
The population that researchers are looking to study

Question:
10. Sample Population
Answer:
The population being sampled

Question:
11. Maximum Likelihood
Answer:
Treating the data as fixed and finding the value of the parameter(s) that maximizes the model (the
likelihood)

Question:
12. Randomization
Answer:
Making sure sampled individuals are random to not lead to results skewed from reality.

Question:
13. Replication
Answer:
The ability to rerun studies to confirm results.

Question:
14. Detection Probability
Answer:
The chance to see a species in a study area if the species is present.

Question:
15. Heterogeneity
Answer:
The dissimilarity, variability, or inconsistency among data points, samples, or study results, indicating that
the data is not uniform

Question:
16. Simple Random Sampling