ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY: EXAM 1 UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Tragedy of the commons
Answer:
Situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but
limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community
Question:
2. Carrying capacity
Answer:
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Question:
3. Need for Environmental Law
Answer:
Environmental laws play a crucial role in addressing climate change by regulating greenhouse gas
emissions and promoting sustainable practices
Question:
4. Economic costs
Answer:
An economic cost is the value you give up when you choose one economic activity over the next best
economic activity
Question:
5. Price of Human Life
Answer:
Range from US$1 million—US$10 million; for example, the United States FEMA estimated the value of a
statistical life at US$7.5 million in 2020
Question:
6. Impacts of Industrial Revolution
Answer:
Population expands until U.S. declares the frontier isclosed after the 1890 census.
• Impact greater in N. America because of timing ofnew technology
• Lumbering and agriculture devastate large swaths ofthe eastern U.S.
• Commodification further separates Americans fromnature
Question:
7. The Machine in the Garden
Answer:
-Mining creates first long-term environmental impacts.
• Practice of hydraulic mining was the most damaging.
, Question:
8. 1872 Mining Law
Answer:
Declared all valuable mineral deposits in land belonging to the United States to be free and open to
exploration and purchase.
Question:
9. Rural to Urban Population Shifts during Industrial Revolution
Answer:
• Technology requires fewer farmers.
• Cities offer manufacturing jobs, excitement of newtechnology.
Question:
10. Worsening Conditions in Cities During Industrial Revolution
Answer:
• Cities unprepared for such growth with primitive sanitation and waste disposal
• Cholera, typhoid, and other diseases were rampant.
• Epidemic in 1830s killed 3,500 people (12% of population)
Question:
11. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Answer:
Nature toprovide us with self discovery
Question:
12. Henry David Thoreau
Answer:
Intrinsicvalue of nature
Question:
13. George Perkins Marsh
Answer:
-Man and Nature, 1864
"Man is everywhere a disturbingagent. Wherever he plants his foot, theharmonies of nature are turned
todiscords."
Question:
14. John Muir
Answer:
-Preservationist
"The Mountains are calling and I must go."
"The world is big and I want to have a good look at it before itgets dark."
Question:
15. Gifford Pinchot
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Tragedy of the commons
Answer:
Situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but
limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community
Question:
2. Carrying capacity
Answer:
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Question:
3. Need for Environmental Law
Answer:
Environmental laws play a crucial role in addressing climate change by regulating greenhouse gas
emissions and promoting sustainable practices
Question:
4. Economic costs
Answer:
An economic cost is the value you give up when you choose one economic activity over the next best
economic activity
Question:
5. Price of Human Life
Answer:
Range from US$1 million—US$10 million; for example, the United States FEMA estimated the value of a
statistical life at US$7.5 million in 2020
Question:
6. Impacts of Industrial Revolution
Answer:
Population expands until U.S. declares the frontier isclosed after the 1890 census.
• Impact greater in N. America because of timing ofnew technology
• Lumbering and agriculture devastate large swaths ofthe eastern U.S.
• Commodification further separates Americans fromnature
Question:
7. The Machine in the Garden
Answer:
-Mining creates first long-term environmental impacts.
• Practice of hydraulic mining was the most damaging.
, Question:
8. 1872 Mining Law
Answer:
Declared all valuable mineral deposits in land belonging to the United States to be free and open to
exploration and purchase.
Question:
9. Rural to Urban Population Shifts during Industrial Revolution
Answer:
• Technology requires fewer farmers.
• Cities offer manufacturing jobs, excitement of newtechnology.
Question:
10. Worsening Conditions in Cities During Industrial Revolution
Answer:
• Cities unprepared for such growth with primitive sanitation and waste disposal
• Cholera, typhoid, and other diseases were rampant.
• Epidemic in 1830s killed 3,500 people (12% of population)
Question:
11. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Answer:
Nature toprovide us with self discovery
Question:
12. Henry David Thoreau
Answer:
Intrinsicvalue of nature
Question:
13. George Perkins Marsh
Answer:
-Man and Nature, 1864
"Man is everywhere a disturbingagent. Wherever he plants his foot, theharmonies of nature are turned
todiscords."
Question:
14. John Muir
Answer:
-Preservationist
"The Mountains are calling and I must go."
"The world is big and I want to have a good look at it before itgets dark."
Question:
15. Gifford Pinchot
