BISC 204 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Parasitism
Answer:
+/-
-use other as a resource while still alive
-cause harm but not immediate death
-many outnumber free living species 4:1
-usually parasites have 1 host species/individual per lifetime
Question:
2. Difference between immunity and resistance
Answer:
Immunity - ecological response
Resistance - evolutionary response
Question:
3. Complex life cycles + 2 types
Answer:
requires more than one host to complete life-cycle (each host provides a different
'environment')
definitive and intermediate
Question:
4. where the parasite reproduces and becomes sexually mature
Answer:
Definitive host
Question:
5. Intermediate host(s)
Answer:
where parasites grow, develop, maybe asexually reproduce
Question:
6. tightly associations with parasites can lead to...
Answer:
coevolution
Successful completion of life-cycle requires transmission:
**creates opportunity for strong co-evolution among hosts and parasites
,Question:
7. vertical transmission
Answer:
infection passes parent to offspring
herpes simplex 2, hep c, rubella, toxoplasmosis
Question:
8. horizontal transmission (2 kinds)
Answer:
direct and indirect
all other mechanisms of transmission
Question:
9. direct transmission
Answer:
host to host
(air, soil, contact)
microparasites (internal)
horizontal transmission
Question:
10. indirect transmission
Answer:
host -> vector -> host
third party needed
has vector (organism that carries parasite between hosts)
Question:
11. Microparasites
Answer:
-reproduce in host
high host densities needed to persist
-short generation time, many individuals
-within cells, blood, or gut of host
-viruses, bacteria, protozoan, fungi
, Question:
12. macroparasites****
Answer:
- parasitic worms, lice, fleas, ticks
-endo/ectoparasites
- found in cavities, between cells, on surface of body
-many use more than one host and have complex life cycles
- longer generation time
-chronic re-infection possible
Question:
13. endoparasite
Answer:
(macroparasite)
-inside
Question:
14. Ectoparasites
Answer:
(macroparasite)
outside
Question:
15. How parasites impact hosts
Answer:
-reproduction
- mortality - directly and via predators
ex blue tit nestlings and blowflies
Question:
16. How parasites impact populations
Answer:
-cause mass mortalities
-depress growth rates & pop size
-can drive population cycles
red grouse pop cycle
Question:
17. How parasites impact communities
Answer:
-by influencing competiton
influences presence of anolis lizards
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Parasitism
Answer:
+/-
-use other as a resource while still alive
-cause harm but not immediate death
-many outnumber free living species 4:1
-usually parasites have 1 host species/individual per lifetime
Question:
2. Difference between immunity and resistance
Answer:
Immunity - ecological response
Resistance - evolutionary response
Question:
3. Complex life cycles + 2 types
Answer:
requires more than one host to complete life-cycle (each host provides a different
'environment')
definitive and intermediate
Question:
4. where the parasite reproduces and becomes sexually mature
Answer:
Definitive host
Question:
5. Intermediate host(s)
Answer:
where parasites grow, develop, maybe asexually reproduce
Question:
6. tightly associations with parasites can lead to...
Answer:
coevolution
Successful completion of life-cycle requires transmission:
**creates opportunity for strong co-evolution among hosts and parasites
,Question:
7. vertical transmission
Answer:
infection passes parent to offspring
herpes simplex 2, hep c, rubella, toxoplasmosis
Question:
8. horizontal transmission (2 kinds)
Answer:
direct and indirect
all other mechanisms of transmission
Question:
9. direct transmission
Answer:
host to host
(air, soil, contact)
microparasites (internal)
horizontal transmission
Question:
10. indirect transmission
Answer:
host -> vector -> host
third party needed
has vector (organism that carries parasite between hosts)
Question:
11. Microparasites
Answer:
-reproduce in host
high host densities needed to persist
-short generation time, many individuals
-within cells, blood, or gut of host
-viruses, bacteria, protozoan, fungi
, Question:
12. macroparasites****
Answer:
- parasitic worms, lice, fleas, ticks
-endo/ectoparasites
- found in cavities, between cells, on surface of body
-many use more than one host and have complex life cycles
- longer generation time
-chronic re-infection possible
Question:
13. endoparasite
Answer:
(macroparasite)
-inside
Question:
14. Ectoparasites
Answer:
(macroparasite)
outside
Question:
15. How parasites impact hosts
Answer:
-reproduction
- mortality - directly and via predators
ex blue tit nestlings and blowflies
Question:
16. How parasites impact populations
Answer:
-cause mass mortalities
-depress growth rates & pop size
-can drive population cycles
red grouse pop cycle
Question:
17. How parasites impact communities
Answer:
-by influencing competiton
influences presence of anolis lizards
