BIOM 3090 MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. problem for drugs since body is made to be resistant to
foreign substances?
Answer:
they'll only be effective when they cross physiological barriers, limits
bioavailability
Question:
2. how the body affects a specific drug after admin through absorption and
distribution
Answer:
Pharmacokinetics
Question:
3. overall pathway of drugs in the body?
Answer:
absorption (by passing barriers) -> distribution through body (ex. blood) ->
metabolism (inactivate drug w/ enzymes) -> excretion/elimination
Question:
4. hippocrates and galen view of universe (what its made
of)
- how did they relate this to the body?
- what were the elements related to (what humour)
Answer:
- earth, wind, fire, water
- thought each element corresponds to a humour in the body
- wind=blood (hot & moist), water=phlegm (cold & moist), fire=yellow bile (hot &
dry), earth=black bile (cold & dry)
,Question:
5. origins of medicine in china
what were moral 'phases' related to?
Answer:
high shade=cold illness
high wind=disorder of extremities
high dark=disorder of mental confusion
high sunshine=hot illness
high rain=ab disorders
high light=disorder of heart & mind
Question:
6. bloodletting
Answer:
bled patients w/ pneumonia (w/ leeches)
-thought it worked in saving lives, but it was just body healing itself
Question:
7. Bioavailability
Answer:
fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation
Question:
8. Bioavailability formula
Answer:
bioavailability = quantity of drug reaching circulation / quantity of total drug admin
Question:
9. what happens if drug is too acidic/basic?
what happens if drug isnt acidic/basic enough?
so what do drugs need to be in?
Answer:
- cant cross membrane and leave digestive tract
- wont dissolve well, not carried efficiently in blood
- weak acids or bases
Question:
10. pKa
Answer:
ionization constant for acids and bases & is = to pH at which 50% of the drug is
ionized
, Question:
11. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Answer:
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
Question:
12. - where will drug eventually accumulate?
- where do acidic and basic drugs accumulate more
specifically?
Answer:
- on the side of membrane where ionization is highest
- acidic accumulate in basic fluids, basic accumulate in acidic fluids
Question:
13. when drugs change body compartments, they may become ionized and trapped
in the new environment
Answer:
ion trapping
Question:
14. weak acid (pKa = 4.4)
- ratio of unionized:ionized in plasma (pH=7.4)?
- ratio of unionized:ionized in gastric fluid (pH=1.4)?
Answer:
- 1:1000 (more ionized in basic fluid)
- 1000:1 (more unionized/less ionized in acidic fluid)
Question:
15. weak base (pKa = 4.4)
- ratio of unionized:ionized in plasma (pH=7.4)?
- ratio of unionized:ionized in gastric fluid (pH=1.4)?
Answer:
- 1000:1 (more unionized in basic fluid)
- 1:1000 (more ionized in acidic fluid)
Question:
16. Routes of Administration
Answer:
enteral and parenteral
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. problem for drugs since body is made to be resistant to
foreign substances?
Answer:
they'll only be effective when they cross physiological barriers, limits
bioavailability
Question:
2. how the body affects a specific drug after admin through absorption and
distribution
Answer:
Pharmacokinetics
Question:
3. overall pathway of drugs in the body?
Answer:
absorption (by passing barriers) -> distribution through body (ex. blood) ->
metabolism (inactivate drug w/ enzymes) -> excretion/elimination
Question:
4. hippocrates and galen view of universe (what its made
of)
- how did they relate this to the body?
- what were the elements related to (what humour)
Answer:
- earth, wind, fire, water
- thought each element corresponds to a humour in the body
- wind=blood (hot & moist), water=phlegm (cold & moist), fire=yellow bile (hot &
dry), earth=black bile (cold & dry)
,Question:
5. origins of medicine in china
what were moral 'phases' related to?
Answer:
high shade=cold illness
high wind=disorder of extremities
high dark=disorder of mental confusion
high sunshine=hot illness
high rain=ab disorders
high light=disorder of heart & mind
Question:
6. bloodletting
Answer:
bled patients w/ pneumonia (w/ leeches)
-thought it worked in saving lives, but it was just body healing itself
Question:
7. Bioavailability
Answer:
fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation
Question:
8. Bioavailability formula
Answer:
bioavailability = quantity of drug reaching circulation / quantity of total drug admin
Question:
9. what happens if drug is too acidic/basic?
what happens if drug isnt acidic/basic enough?
so what do drugs need to be in?
Answer:
- cant cross membrane and leave digestive tract
- wont dissolve well, not carried efficiently in blood
- weak acids or bases
Question:
10. pKa
Answer:
ionization constant for acids and bases & is = to pH at which 50% of the drug is
ionized
, Question:
11. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Answer:
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
Question:
12. - where will drug eventually accumulate?
- where do acidic and basic drugs accumulate more
specifically?
Answer:
- on the side of membrane where ionization is highest
- acidic accumulate in basic fluids, basic accumulate in acidic fluids
Question:
13. when drugs change body compartments, they may become ionized and trapped
in the new environment
Answer:
ion trapping
Question:
14. weak acid (pKa = 4.4)
- ratio of unionized:ionized in plasma (pH=7.4)?
- ratio of unionized:ionized in gastric fluid (pH=1.4)?
Answer:
- 1:1000 (more ionized in basic fluid)
- 1000:1 (more unionized/less ionized in acidic fluid)
Question:
15. weak base (pKa = 4.4)
- ratio of unionized:ionized in plasma (pH=7.4)?
- ratio of unionized:ionized in gastric fluid (pH=1.4)?
Answer:
- 1000:1 (more unionized in basic fluid)
- 1:1000 (more ionized in acidic fluid)
Question:
16. Routes of Administration
Answer:
enteral and parenteral
