BLD 204 EXAM 4 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. neoplasms
Answer:
"new growth" Abnormal, mass of tissue.
Fundamental characteristics of all cancer:
Disorderly cells
-cell proliferation
-cell differentiation
-relationship to the surrounding stroma.
Question:
2. tumor
Answer:
in neoplasms, often is referred to as a tumor.
Question:
3. carcinogenesis
Answer:
initiation of cancer formation.
Question:
4. oncology
Answer:
study of tumors.
,Question:
5. Assess whether a neoplasm is benign or malignant using
all of the proper criteria.
Answer:
Benign:
-don't invade surrounding tissue.
-no metastasis
-growth rate low
-little mitosis
-some atrophy of surrounding tissue by pressure of the mass.
Malignant:
-invade surrounding tissue
-metastasis
-lots of mitosis and growth
-damages surrounding tissue
-invasiveness
-abnormal tissue formations
-increased proliferation. abnormal cell division
-incomplete differentiation: cells vary in size and shape, nuclei have greater
volume than normal in proportion, abnormal ploidy.
Question:
6. Describe the morphologic changes associated with
anaplasia
Answer:
-malignant neoplasms that are composed of undifferentiated cells are said to be
anaplastic.
-lack of differentiation, loss of the structural or functional differentiation of normal
cells.
-anaplastic cells display marked pleomorphism. (variation in size and shape)
-often nuclei are variable and bizarre in size and shape.
-Giant cells.
-cells lose normal polarity.
, Question:
7. compare and contrast metastatic neoplasm with
dysplasia
Answer:
Dysplasia:
-cell changes indicative of malignancy but no invasion present yet.
-its a warning sign
-common in epithelial tissue: malignant: carcinomas.
-if the whole depth of the tissue is dysplasia, then the term carcinoma in situ is
used.
Connective tissue: malignant, sarcoma
-disorderly but non-neoplastic proliferation
-loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation.
Metastatic neoplasm:
-secondary implants of a tumor that are discontinuous with the primary tumor and
located in remote tissues.
-identifies a neoplasm as malignant.
Question:
8. Describe hamartoma, heteroplasia, and choristoma and
differentiate between those conditions and true
neoplasms
Answer:
Hamartoma:
-tumor-like mass
-lacks autonomous behavior
-good differentiation and in the right organ
-organization is different from normal
-vascular most common
Heteroplasia:
-differentiation of tissue is wrong for location
-NOT METAPLASIA, no change from one fully differentiated form to another.
-happens at the stem cell stage
-just a mass that doesn't belong there
-masses of various types or one type of tissue
(choristomas: congenital)
Choristoma:
-congenital anomaly consisting of a heterotypic rest of cells. Ex. a well developed
pancreatic tissue might be found in the submucosa of the stomach.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. neoplasms
Answer:
"new growth" Abnormal, mass of tissue.
Fundamental characteristics of all cancer:
Disorderly cells
-cell proliferation
-cell differentiation
-relationship to the surrounding stroma.
Question:
2. tumor
Answer:
in neoplasms, often is referred to as a tumor.
Question:
3. carcinogenesis
Answer:
initiation of cancer formation.
Question:
4. oncology
Answer:
study of tumors.
,Question:
5. Assess whether a neoplasm is benign or malignant using
all of the proper criteria.
Answer:
Benign:
-don't invade surrounding tissue.
-no metastasis
-growth rate low
-little mitosis
-some atrophy of surrounding tissue by pressure of the mass.
Malignant:
-invade surrounding tissue
-metastasis
-lots of mitosis and growth
-damages surrounding tissue
-invasiveness
-abnormal tissue formations
-increased proliferation. abnormal cell division
-incomplete differentiation: cells vary in size and shape, nuclei have greater
volume than normal in proportion, abnormal ploidy.
Question:
6. Describe the morphologic changes associated with
anaplasia
Answer:
-malignant neoplasms that are composed of undifferentiated cells are said to be
anaplastic.
-lack of differentiation, loss of the structural or functional differentiation of normal
cells.
-anaplastic cells display marked pleomorphism. (variation in size and shape)
-often nuclei are variable and bizarre in size and shape.
-Giant cells.
-cells lose normal polarity.
, Question:
7. compare and contrast metastatic neoplasm with
dysplasia
Answer:
Dysplasia:
-cell changes indicative of malignancy but no invasion present yet.
-its a warning sign
-common in epithelial tissue: malignant: carcinomas.
-if the whole depth of the tissue is dysplasia, then the term carcinoma in situ is
used.
Connective tissue: malignant, sarcoma
-disorderly but non-neoplastic proliferation
-loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation.
Metastatic neoplasm:
-secondary implants of a tumor that are discontinuous with the primary tumor and
located in remote tissues.
-identifies a neoplasm as malignant.
Question:
8. Describe hamartoma, heteroplasia, and choristoma and
differentiate between those conditions and true
neoplasms
Answer:
Hamartoma:
-tumor-like mass
-lacks autonomous behavior
-good differentiation and in the right organ
-organization is different from normal
-vascular most common
Heteroplasia:
-differentiation of tissue is wrong for location
-NOT METAPLASIA, no change from one fully differentiated form to another.
-happens at the stem cell stage
-just a mass that doesn't belong there
-masses of various types or one type of tissue
(choristomas: congenital)
Choristoma:
-congenital anomaly consisting of a heterotypic rest of cells. Ex. a well developed
pancreatic tissue might be found in the submucosa of the stomach.
