BLD 204 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Pathology
Answer:
the study of disease, finding the causes, observing the change in cells, tissues and
organs and how the change gives rise to the signs and symptoms in patients
Question:
2. disease
Answer:
at a cellular level this is injury or genetic error which causes structural and/or
functional changes which cause signs and symptoms. Structural and functional
changes are often related by even severe functional changes don't have to
correspond to structural change and structural changes can occur without
significant functional problems.
Question:
3. homeostasis
Answer:
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. Good
DNA, functioning proteins, sound membrane, enough nutrients and oxygen
Question:
4. hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia
Answer:
what are normal adaptive responses to stress?
Question:
5. hypertrophy
Answer:
increased cell (organ) size in response to stress. Increased workload on cells that
can't divide. EX: increase in the size of the heart due to aortic stenosis
,Question:
6. hyperplasia
Answer:
increase in number of cells. Cells are capable of division. EX: increase in the size
of the breasts during pregnancy, increase in thickness of endometrium during
menstrual cycle, and liver growth after partial resection
Question:
7. atrophy
Answer:
cells shrink by loss of cell substance. May lose enough cells to effect the whole
organ. Shrunken cells have diminished function but aren't dead. EX: diseases of
the motor nerves or diseases of the muscle tissue itself.
Question:
8. metaplasia
Answer:
a reversible change of one adult cell type is replaced by another. Improves
function in light of stress. Increases risks. EX: cigarette smoke causes the mucus-
secreting ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelial cells that line
the airways to be replaced by stratified squamous epithelium
Question:
9. Pathogenesis
Answer:
mechanism of disease
Question:
10. diagnosis
Answer:
identification of a disease
Question:
11. prognosis
Answer:
a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation
Question:
12. theranosis
Answer:
course of treatment
, Question:
13. etiology
Answer:
cause of disease
Question:
14. paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, synaptic
signaling and endocrine signaling
Answer:
types of cell signaling
Question:
15. endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
the site of synthesis of all transmembrane proteins and lipids needed for the
assembly of plasma membrane and cellular organelles, including the ER itself. It is
also the initial site of synthesis of all molecules destined for export out of the cel
Question:
16. hypoxia, chemical damage (toxins), genetic problems,
physical damage, irradiation, infection, immune system
reactions, nutritional causes of disease, aging
Answer:
what are causes of cellular injury?
Question:
17. hypoxia
Answer:
oxygen deficiency which causes damage to the cell, it could be caused by
ischemia, inadequate blood oxygenation or lower blood oxygen carrying
capacity. We can't make ATP if there is not enough O2
Question:
18. chemical damage "toxins"
Answer:
cause of cell injury that is substances that cause damage to cells, often through
membrane damage. Can be caused by too much of a good thing, poisons,
ethanol, air pollutants and asbestos
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Pathology
Answer:
the study of disease, finding the causes, observing the change in cells, tissues and
organs and how the change gives rise to the signs and symptoms in patients
Question:
2. disease
Answer:
at a cellular level this is injury or genetic error which causes structural and/or
functional changes which cause signs and symptoms. Structural and functional
changes are often related by even severe functional changes don't have to
correspond to structural change and structural changes can occur without
significant functional problems.
Question:
3. homeostasis
Answer:
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. Good
DNA, functioning proteins, sound membrane, enough nutrients and oxygen
Question:
4. hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia
Answer:
what are normal adaptive responses to stress?
Question:
5. hypertrophy
Answer:
increased cell (organ) size in response to stress. Increased workload on cells that
can't divide. EX: increase in the size of the heart due to aortic stenosis
,Question:
6. hyperplasia
Answer:
increase in number of cells. Cells are capable of division. EX: increase in the size
of the breasts during pregnancy, increase in thickness of endometrium during
menstrual cycle, and liver growth after partial resection
Question:
7. atrophy
Answer:
cells shrink by loss of cell substance. May lose enough cells to effect the whole
organ. Shrunken cells have diminished function but aren't dead. EX: diseases of
the motor nerves or diseases of the muscle tissue itself.
Question:
8. metaplasia
Answer:
a reversible change of one adult cell type is replaced by another. Improves
function in light of stress. Increases risks. EX: cigarette smoke causes the mucus-
secreting ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelial cells that line
the airways to be replaced by stratified squamous epithelium
Question:
9. Pathogenesis
Answer:
mechanism of disease
Question:
10. diagnosis
Answer:
identification of a disease
Question:
11. prognosis
Answer:
a forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation
Question:
12. theranosis
Answer:
course of treatment
, Question:
13. etiology
Answer:
cause of disease
Question:
14. paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, synaptic
signaling and endocrine signaling
Answer:
types of cell signaling
Question:
15. endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
the site of synthesis of all transmembrane proteins and lipids needed for the
assembly of plasma membrane and cellular organelles, including the ER itself. It is
also the initial site of synthesis of all molecules destined for export out of the cel
Question:
16. hypoxia, chemical damage (toxins), genetic problems,
physical damage, irradiation, infection, immune system
reactions, nutritional causes of disease, aging
Answer:
what are causes of cellular injury?
Question:
17. hypoxia
Answer:
oxygen deficiency which causes damage to the cell, it could be caused by
ischemia, inadequate blood oxygenation or lower blood oxygen carrying
capacity. We can't make ATP if there is not enough O2
Question:
18. chemical damage "toxins"
Answer:
cause of cell injury that is substances that cause damage to cells, often through
membrane damage. Can be caused by too much of a good thing, poisons,
ethanol, air pollutants and asbestos
