BLD 204 EXAM 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Describe the composition of the cell membrane
Answer:
- phospholipid bilayer with proteins
- hydrophilic heads
- hydrophobic tails
Question:
2. State 3 functions of cell membrane
Answer:
- protection
- selective permeability
- structural stability
Question:
3. Mitochondria
Answer:
- ATP production
- has own DNA
- uses ROS when damaged
Question:
4. Lysosome
Answer:
- "garbage disposal"
- dissolve; destruction; dissolution
Question:
5. Nucleus
Answer:
- site of DNA replication
- home of DNA
Question:
6. ER
Answer:
- protein folding
- protein transport to Golgi
,Question:
7. Golgi
Answer:
- process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids
Question:
8. Microtubules
Answer:
- conveyer belts; move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and
chromosomes via special attachment proteins
- serve a cytoskeletal role
Question:
9. Microfilaments
Answer:
- flexible but still strong
- resisting crushing and buckling
- providing support to the cell
Question:
10. Ribosomes
Answer:
- protein production
Question:
11. etiology
Answer:
- cause of disease
Question:
12. pathogenesis
Answer:
- development of disease in body
Question:
13. Describe the ways a normal cell or tissue can adapt to
stress and the signals that induce them
Answer:
- Hypertrophy: increased cell size in response to stress
- Hyperplasia: cells multiply/increase in number of cells
- Atrophy: cells shrink by loss of substance
- Metaplasia: reversible change from one adult cell type to another
, Question:
14. What is needed for homeostasis?
Answer:
- good DNA
- functioning proteins
- sound membrane
- enough nutrients and oxygen
Question:
15. Hypoxia (cell injury)
Answer:
- oxygen deficiency
- caused by: ischemia; inadequate blood oxygenation; lower blood oxygen
carrying capacity
Question:
16. Chemical damage
Answer:
-substances cause damage to cells; often through membrane damage
- causes: too much of a good thing; poisons; ethanol; air pollutants; asbestos
Question:
17. Physical Damage (cell injury)
Answer:
- outside action by the physical world
- causes: temperature; mechanical; electric; barometric pressure
Question:
18. Irradiation (cell injury)
Answer:
- physical damage --> electromagnetic or particulate; based on strength of dose
and what part of body is exposed
- harmful when 10 rad and up
- most sensitive = lens, testes, ovaries, bone marrow
Question:
19. Infection (cell injury)
Answer:
- viruses; fungi; protozoa; parasites; bateria; toxins
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Describe the composition of the cell membrane
Answer:
- phospholipid bilayer with proteins
- hydrophilic heads
- hydrophobic tails
Question:
2. State 3 functions of cell membrane
Answer:
- protection
- selective permeability
- structural stability
Question:
3. Mitochondria
Answer:
- ATP production
- has own DNA
- uses ROS when damaged
Question:
4. Lysosome
Answer:
- "garbage disposal"
- dissolve; destruction; dissolution
Question:
5. Nucleus
Answer:
- site of DNA replication
- home of DNA
Question:
6. ER
Answer:
- protein folding
- protein transport to Golgi
,Question:
7. Golgi
Answer:
- process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids
Question:
8. Microtubules
Answer:
- conveyer belts; move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and
chromosomes via special attachment proteins
- serve a cytoskeletal role
Question:
9. Microfilaments
Answer:
- flexible but still strong
- resisting crushing and buckling
- providing support to the cell
Question:
10. Ribosomes
Answer:
- protein production
Question:
11. etiology
Answer:
- cause of disease
Question:
12. pathogenesis
Answer:
- development of disease in body
Question:
13. Describe the ways a normal cell or tissue can adapt to
stress and the signals that induce them
Answer:
- Hypertrophy: increased cell size in response to stress
- Hyperplasia: cells multiply/increase in number of cells
- Atrophy: cells shrink by loss of substance
- Metaplasia: reversible change from one adult cell type to another
, Question:
14. What is needed for homeostasis?
Answer:
- good DNA
- functioning proteins
- sound membrane
- enough nutrients and oxygen
Question:
15. Hypoxia (cell injury)
Answer:
- oxygen deficiency
- caused by: ischemia; inadequate blood oxygenation; lower blood oxygen
carrying capacity
Question:
16. Chemical damage
Answer:
-substances cause damage to cells; often through membrane damage
- causes: too much of a good thing; poisons; ethanol; air pollutants; asbestos
Question:
17. Physical Damage (cell injury)
Answer:
- outside action by the physical world
- causes: temperature; mechanical; electric; barometric pressure
Question:
18. Irradiation (cell injury)
Answer:
- physical damage --> electromagnetic or particulate; based on strength of dose
and what part of body is exposed
- harmful when 10 rad and up
- most sensitive = lens, testes, ovaries, bone marrow
Question:
19. Infection (cell injury)
Answer:
- viruses; fungi; protozoa; parasites; bateria; toxins
