Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
Inhoud
Les 1: Introductie .................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Examen ....................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Video’s ......................................................................................................... 4
Les 2+3: Traffic and transport system...................................................................... 5
2.1 Derived demand ............................................................................................ 5
2.2 The traffic and transportation system .............................................................. 6
2.3 Transportation subsystems ............................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Classification by the type of load ............................................................... 7
2.3.2 Classification by transport mode ................................................................ 7
2.3.3 Scheduled and non-scheduled transport ..................................................... 8
2.3.4 Own account vs third party service ............................................................ 8
2.4 Measuring traffic and transportation performance .............................................. 8
2.5 les 3 on-campus...........................................................................................10
2.5.1 Derived demand .....................................................................................10
2.5.2 Question 1 .............................................................................................10
2.5.3 Question 2 .............................................................................................11
2.5.4 Transportation subsystems ......................................................................11
2.5.5 Video about hyperloop.............................................................................11
2.5.6 Measuring traffic and transportation performance .......................................11
2.5.7 Passenger modal shift .............................................................................12
2.5.8 Freight modal shift ..................................................................................12
Les 4+5: Logistical costs .......................................................................................12
4.1 The concept of business logistics ....................................................................12
4.2 Transportation costs .....................................................................................13
4.3 Handling costs .............................................................................................13
4.4 Inventory costs ............................................................................................13
4.4.1 Cycle stock ............................................................................................14
4.4.2 In-transit inventory .................................................................................14
4.4.3 Safety stock (S) .....................................................................................15
4.4.4 Speculative stock ....................................................................................16
4.4.5 Seasonal stock .......................................................................................16
4.4.6 Dead stock ............................................................................................16
4.5 Stock-out costs ............................................................................................16
4.6 Packaging costs ...........................................................................................16
4.7 Other costs ..................................................................................................16
4.8 Les 5 on-campus ..........................................................................................17
4.8.1 Question 1 .............................................................................................17
1
,Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
4.8.2 Transportation cost .................................................................................17
4.8.3 Handling costs ........................................................................................17
4.8.4 Inventory costs ......................................................................................18
4.8.5 Stock-out costs ......................................................................................19
Les 6+7: Transport decisions from a logistical perspective .........................................19
6.1 Square root law (EOQ) ..................................................................................19
6.1.1 Problem setting ......................................................................................19
6.1.2 Question: Which order quantity minimizes the total logistical costs? ..............19
6.1.3 Example ................................................................................................20
6.1.4 Mathematical approach: ..........................................................................20
6.2 Optimal order size in inland waterways ...........................................................20
6.3 Optimal order size in road transport ...............................................................21
6.4 Choice of transport mode ..............................................................................21
6.5 Stock consolidation .......................................................................................21
6.5.1 An important trend .................................................................................21
6.5.2 Savings of cycle stock .............................................................................21
6.5.3 Disadvantage .........................................................................................22
6.6 les 7: on campus ..........................................................................................22
6.6.1 Exercise 1 ..............................................................................................22
6.6.2 Exercise 2 ..............................................................................................22
Les 8+9: Cost calculations + pricing in a transport firm .............................................23
8.1 Cost calculation in a transport firm .................................................................23
8.1.1 Time costs and distance costs ..................................................................23
8.1.2 Hour coefficient and kilometre coefficient ...................................................24
8.1.3 Variable costs.........................................................................................26
8.1.4 Common or joint costs/differential costs ....................................................26
8.1.5 Costs for peak and off-peak periods ..........................................................27
8.2 Pricing in a transport firm ..............................................................................27
8.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................27
8.2.2 Specific circumstances.............................................................................27
8.2.3 A simple case (Ct’d) ................................................................................28
8.2.4 Rate setting by the operator ....................................................................28
8.2.5 Joint products ........................................................................................28
8.3: les 9 - on campus .......................................................................................29
Les 10+11: Investing in vehicles and charging for external costs ................................29
10.1 Investing in vehicles ...................................................................................29
10.1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................29
10.1.2 Optimal size and composition of the vehicle fleet ......................................30
2
,Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
10.1.3 Optimal replacement .............................................................................30
10.2 Charging for external costs ..........................................................................34
10.2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................34
10.2.2 Justification of charges for external costs .................................................34
10.2.3 Composition of marginal external costs ....................................................34
10.2.4 Second-best solutions ...........................................................................35
10.3 Taxation methods .......................................................................................36
10.3.1 Survey of taxation methods ...................................................................36
10.3.2 Costs and benefits of a levy ...................................................................36
10.3.3 Measures besides taxation .....................................................................36
10.3.4 Second-best solutions ...........................................................................37
10.4 Les 11: On-campus ....................................................................................37
10.4.1 Application external costs different vehicles ..............................................37
10.4.2 Data for replacement and repair decision .................................................37
3
, Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
Les 1: Introductie
1.1 Examen
• 80% op het examen
• 20% PE
Final competences:
• Analyst: You have analytical insight in logistics and transport.
• Analyst: You master generic principles and research methods.
• Analyst: You have ready knowledge of logistics and transport, at management level.
• Communicator: You can formulate an answer to an open exam question concerning
transport economics in a clear and structured way.
1.2 Video’s
EXAM Questions:
1. What have you ‘taken home’ from the EU-commission video on ‘the future of
transport’?
De toekomst zal er op vlak van transport helemaal anders uitzien, de hele omgeving zal
veranderen. De hele omgeving zal meer efficiënter zijn ingericht en er zal gebruik
gemaakt worden van nieuwe technologieën.
2. What are the main points from the brochure on ‘the future of transport’? (Titels van
dat document kennen op EXAMEN)
• 1. Preparing the European transport area for the future
• 2. A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system
o 2.1. Growing transport and supporting mobility while reaching the 60%
emission reduction target
o 2.2. An efficient core network for multimodal intercity travel and transport
o 2.3. A global level playing field for long-distance travel and intercontinental
freight
o 2.4. Clean urban transport and commuting
o 2.5. Ten goals for a competitive and resource-efficient transport system:
benchmarks for achieving the 60% GHG emission reduction target
• 3. The strategy — what needs to be done
o 3.1. A single European transport area
o 3.2. Innovating for the future — technology and behaviour
o 3.3. Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
o 3.4. The external dimension
3. Is the vision of the white paper realistic and/or necessary?
4. What are the 5 scenarios of Logistics 2050?
1) Scenario 1: Untamed Economy – Impending Collapse
2) Scenario 2: Mega-efficiency in Megacities
3) Scenario 3: Customized Lifestyles
4) Scenario 4: Paralyzing Protectionism
5) Scenario 5: Global Resilience – Local Adaption
4
Inhoud
Les 1: Introductie .................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Examen ....................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Video’s ......................................................................................................... 4
Les 2+3: Traffic and transport system...................................................................... 5
2.1 Derived demand ............................................................................................ 5
2.2 The traffic and transportation system .............................................................. 6
2.3 Transportation subsystems ............................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Classification by the type of load ............................................................... 7
2.3.2 Classification by transport mode ................................................................ 7
2.3.3 Scheduled and non-scheduled transport ..................................................... 8
2.3.4 Own account vs third party service ............................................................ 8
2.4 Measuring traffic and transportation performance .............................................. 8
2.5 les 3 on-campus...........................................................................................10
2.5.1 Derived demand .....................................................................................10
2.5.2 Question 1 .............................................................................................10
2.5.3 Question 2 .............................................................................................11
2.5.4 Transportation subsystems ......................................................................11
2.5.5 Video about hyperloop.............................................................................11
2.5.6 Measuring traffic and transportation performance .......................................11
2.5.7 Passenger modal shift .............................................................................12
2.5.8 Freight modal shift ..................................................................................12
Les 4+5: Logistical costs .......................................................................................12
4.1 The concept of business logistics ....................................................................12
4.2 Transportation costs .....................................................................................13
4.3 Handling costs .............................................................................................13
4.4 Inventory costs ............................................................................................13
4.4.1 Cycle stock ............................................................................................14
4.4.2 In-transit inventory .................................................................................14
4.4.3 Safety stock (S) .....................................................................................15
4.4.4 Speculative stock ....................................................................................16
4.4.5 Seasonal stock .......................................................................................16
4.4.6 Dead stock ............................................................................................16
4.5 Stock-out costs ............................................................................................16
4.6 Packaging costs ...........................................................................................16
4.7 Other costs ..................................................................................................16
4.8 Les 5 on-campus ..........................................................................................17
4.8.1 Question 1 .............................................................................................17
1
,Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
4.8.2 Transportation cost .................................................................................17
4.8.3 Handling costs ........................................................................................17
4.8.4 Inventory costs ......................................................................................18
4.8.5 Stock-out costs ......................................................................................19
Les 6+7: Transport decisions from a logistical perspective .........................................19
6.1 Square root law (EOQ) ..................................................................................19
6.1.1 Problem setting ......................................................................................19
6.1.2 Question: Which order quantity minimizes the total logistical costs? ..............19
6.1.3 Example ................................................................................................20
6.1.4 Mathematical approach: ..........................................................................20
6.2 Optimal order size in inland waterways ...........................................................20
6.3 Optimal order size in road transport ...............................................................21
6.4 Choice of transport mode ..............................................................................21
6.5 Stock consolidation .......................................................................................21
6.5.1 An important trend .................................................................................21
6.5.2 Savings of cycle stock .............................................................................21
6.5.3 Disadvantage .........................................................................................22
6.6 les 7: on campus ..........................................................................................22
6.6.1 Exercise 1 ..............................................................................................22
6.6.2 Exercise 2 ..............................................................................................22
Les 8+9: Cost calculations + pricing in a transport firm .............................................23
8.1 Cost calculation in a transport firm .................................................................23
8.1.1 Time costs and distance costs ..................................................................23
8.1.2 Hour coefficient and kilometre coefficient ...................................................24
8.1.3 Variable costs.........................................................................................26
8.1.4 Common or joint costs/differential costs ....................................................26
8.1.5 Costs for peak and off-peak periods ..........................................................27
8.2 Pricing in a transport firm ..............................................................................27
8.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................27
8.2.2 Specific circumstances.............................................................................27
8.2.3 A simple case (Ct’d) ................................................................................28
8.2.4 Rate setting by the operator ....................................................................28
8.2.5 Joint products ........................................................................................28
8.3: les 9 - on campus .......................................................................................29
Les 10+11: Investing in vehicles and charging for external costs ................................29
10.1 Investing in vehicles ...................................................................................29
10.1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................29
10.1.2 Optimal size and composition of the vehicle fleet ......................................30
2
,Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
10.1.3 Optimal replacement .............................................................................30
10.2 Charging for external costs ..........................................................................34
10.2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................34
10.2.2 Justification of charges for external costs .................................................34
10.2.3 Composition of marginal external costs ....................................................34
10.2.4 Second-best solutions ...........................................................................35
10.3 Taxation methods .......................................................................................36
10.3.1 Survey of taxation methods ...................................................................36
10.3.2 Costs and benefits of a levy ...................................................................36
10.3.3 Measures besides taxation .....................................................................36
10.3.4 Second-best solutions ...........................................................................37
10.4 Les 11: On-campus ....................................................................................37
10.4.1 Application external costs different vehicles ..............................................37
10.4.2 Data for replacement and repair decision .................................................37
3
, Samenvatting transport economics (Bach2 – Sem2)
Les 1: Introductie
1.1 Examen
• 80% op het examen
• 20% PE
Final competences:
• Analyst: You have analytical insight in logistics and transport.
• Analyst: You master generic principles and research methods.
• Analyst: You have ready knowledge of logistics and transport, at management level.
• Communicator: You can formulate an answer to an open exam question concerning
transport economics in a clear and structured way.
1.2 Video’s
EXAM Questions:
1. What have you ‘taken home’ from the EU-commission video on ‘the future of
transport’?
De toekomst zal er op vlak van transport helemaal anders uitzien, de hele omgeving zal
veranderen. De hele omgeving zal meer efficiënter zijn ingericht en er zal gebruik
gemaakt worden van nieuwe technologieën.
2. What are the main points from the brochure on ‘the future of transport’? (Titels van
dat document kennen op EXAMEN)
• 1. Preparing the European transport area for the future
• 2. A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system
o 2.1. Growing transport and supporting mobility while reaching the 60%
emission reduction target
o 2.2. An efficient core network for multimodal intercity travel and transport
o 2.3. A global level playing field for long-distance travel and intercontinental
freight
o 2.4. Clean urban transport and commuting
o 2.5. Ten goals for a competitive and resource-efficient transport system:
benchmarks for achieving the 60% GHG emission reduction target
• 3. The strategy — what needs to be done
o 3.1. A single European transport area
o 3.2. Innovating for the future — technology and behaviour
o 3.3. Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
o 3.4. The external dimension
3. Is the vision of the white paper realistic and/or necessary?
4. What are the 5 scenarios of Logistics 2050?
1) Scenario 1: Untamed Economy – Impending Collapse
2) Scenario 2: Mega-efficiency in Megacities
3) Scenario 3: Customized Lifestyles
4) Scenario 4: Paralyzing Protectionism
5) Scenario 5: Global Resilience – Local Adaption
4
