Summary comm in English
Contents
1. Tenses ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Past ............................................................................................................. 3
Past Simple (Pa.S.) .......................................................................................... 3
Past Continuous (Pa.C.) .................................................................................... 3
Past Perfect (Pa.P.) .......................................................................................... 3
Past Perfect Continuous (Pa.P.C.) ....................................................................... 3
1.2 Present ........................................................................................................ 3
Present Simple (Pr.S.) ...................................................................................... 3
Present Continuous (Pr.C.) ................................................................................ 3
Present Perfect (Pr.P.) ...................................................................................... 3
Present Perfect Continuous (Pr.P.C.)................................................................... 3
1.3 Future.......................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Future Simple (F.S.) ................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Future Continuous (F.C.) .......................................................................... 4
1.3.3 Future Perfect (F.P.) ................................................................................ 4
1.3.4 Future Perfect Continuous (F.P.C.) ............................................................. 4
2. Mistakes never to be made ................................................................................. 5
3. Prepositions ...................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Prepositions of time ....................................................................................... 7
3.2 Verbs and prepositions ................................................................................... 7
3.3 Adjectives and prepositions ............................................................................ 7
3.4 Multiple word prepositions .............................................................................. 7
3.5 Additional prepositions ................................................................................... 8
4. Adjectives and adverbs ....................................................................................... 8
4.1 Adjectives (use) ............................................................................................ 8
4.2 Adjectives (order) ......................................................................................... 8
4.3 Adverbs (formation) ...................................................................................... 8
4.4 Adverbs (use) ............................................................................................... 9
5. Degrees of comparison → trappen van vergelijking ................................................ 9
5.1 Formation .................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Use of comparative adjectives and adverbs .....................................................10
5.3 Intensifiers and mitigators .............................................................................10
6. The passive ......................................................................................................10
6.1 The formation ..............................................................................................10
6.2 Use of passive .............................................................................................11
1
,Summary comm in English
7. Phrasal verbs ...................................................................................................11
7.1 A definition ..................................................................................................11
7.2 Transitive vs intrasitive .................................................................................11
7.3 Essential phrasal verbs with … .......................................................................12
7.3.1 Work .....................................................................................................12
7.3.2 Take .....................................................................................................12
7.3.3 Give ......................................................................................................13
7.3.4 Come ....................................................................................................13
7.3.5 Keep .....................................................................................................14
8. Conditionals .....................................................................................................14
8.1 Definition ....................................................................................................14
8.2 The conditionals ...........................................................................................14
8.2.1 Zero conditional .....................................................................................14
8.2.2 1st conditional ........................................................................................15
8.2.3 Unreal conditionals .................................................................................16
8.2.4 Recap....................................................................................................17
9. Quantifiers .......................................................................................................18
9.1 Quantifiers with countable nouns....................................................................18
9.2 Quantifiers with uncountable nouns ................................................................18
9.3 Quantifiers with both countable and uncountable nouns ....................................18
9.4 Comparison .................................................................................................18
10. Used to + infinitive or to be / to get used to .......................................................19
2
, Summary comm in English
1. Tenses
1.1 Past Past Simple (Pa.S.) Past Continuous Past Perfect (Pa.P.) Past Perfect
(Pa.C.) Continuous (Pa.P.C.)
Form Subject + past simple Subject + was/were + Subject + had + past Subject + had + been
(verb -ed of irregular verb-ing participle (list) + verb-ing
(list))
Use An action or situation For an action that was For an action that The action lasted for
(event) that happened happening for a length happened in the past some time before
(started and ended) in the of time in the past before another action another past action or
past. when another action before some point of
It can be a short or a long happened in the middle time in the past.
event. of it.
Example • I ate breakfast this • At 2.45 pm they • I had already eaten • I had been eating
morning. Last were playing the when my brother for 30 minutes when
• Saturday, Sue played second set. arrived. my brother arrived.
at the neighbour. • I was eating • Tom had already • I had been eating all
breakfast when my eaten when his day.
brother arrived. friend arrived.
1.2 Present Present Simple (Pr.S.) Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect
(Pr.C.) (Pr.P.) Continuous (Pr.P.C.)
Form Subject + verb (s) Subject + am/is/are + Subject + have/has + Subject + have/has +
Infinitive or infinitive + s ver-ing past participle been + verb-ing
(bij She/he/it)
Use When making a general The action is going on For an action that For an action that was
statement of truth at the right now. happened in the past happening for a length
present point of time. before the present of time up to the
moment. present moment.
Example • I eat breakfast every • Amy and Sue are • I have already eaten • I have been eating
day. playing at the breakfast. my lunch for 30
• It snows in Alaska. moment. • He has eaten lunch. minutes.
• Right now, I am • She’s been eating all
eating breakfast. day.
3
Contents
1. Tenses ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Past ............................................................................................................. 3
Past Simple (Pa.S.) .......................................................................................... 3
Past Continuous (Pa.C.) .................................................................................... 3
Past Perfect (Pa.P.) .......................................................................................... 3
Past Perfect Continuous (Pa.P.C.) ....................................................................... 3
1.2 Present ........................................................................................................ 3
Present Simple (Pr.S.) ...................................................................................... 3
Present Continuous (Pr.C.) ................................................................................ 3
Present Perfect (Pr.P.) ...................................................................................... 3
Present Perfect Continuous (Pr.P.C.)................................................................... 3
1.3 Future.......................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Future Simple (F.S.) ................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Future Continuous (F.C.) .......................................................................... 4
1.3.3 Future Perfect (F.P.) ................................................................................ 4
1.3.4 Future Perfect Continuous (F.P.C.) ............................................................. 4
2. Mistakes never to be made ................................................................................. 5
3. Prepositions ...................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Prepositions of time ....................................................................................... 7
3.2 Verbs and prepositions ................................................................................... 7
3.3 Adjectives and prepositions ............................................................................ 7
3.4 Multiple word prepositions .............................................................................. 7
3.5 Additional prepositions ................................................................................... 8
4. Adjectives and adverbs ....................................................................................... 8
4.1 Adjectives (use) ............................................................................................ 8
4.2 Adjectives (order) ......................................................................................... 8
4.3 Adverbs (formation) ...................................................................................... 8
4.4 Adverbs (use) ............................................................................................... 9
5. Degrees of comparison → trappen van vergelijking ................................................ 9
5.1 Formation .................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Use of comparative adjectives and adverbs .....................................................10
5.3 Intensifiers and mitigators .............................................................................10
6. The passive ......................................................................................................10
6.1 The formation ..............................................................................................10
6.2 Use of passive .............................................................................................11
1
,Summary comm in English
7. Phrasal verbs ...................................................................................................11
7.1 A definition ..................................................................................................11
7.2 Transitive vs intrasitive .................................................................................11
7.3 Essential phrasal verbs with … .......................................................................12
7.3.1 Work .....................................................................................................12
7.3.2 Take .....................................................................................................12
7.3.3 Give ......................................................................................................13
7.3.4 Come ....................................................................................................13
7.3.5 Keep .....................................................................................................14
8. Conditionals .....................................................................................................14
8.1 Definition ....................................................................................................14
8.2 The conditionals ...........................................................................................14
8.2.1 Zero conditional .....................................................................................14
8.2.2 1st conditional ........................................................................................15
8.2.3 Unreal conditionals .................................................................................16
8.2.4 Recap....................................................................................................17
9. Quantifiers .......................................................................................................18
9.1 Quantifiers with countable nouns....................................................................18
9.2 Quantifiers with uncountable nouns ................................................................18
9.3 Quantifiers with both countable and uncountable nouns ....................................18
9.4 Comparison .................................................................................................18
10. Used to + infinitive or to be / to get used to .......................................................19
2
, Summary comm in English
1. Tenses
1.1 Past Past Simple (Pa.S.) Past Continuous Past Perfect (Pa.P.) Past Perfect
(Pa.C.) Continuous (Pa.P.C.)
Form Subject + past simple Subject + was/were + Subject + had + past Subject + had + been
(verb -ed of irregular verb-ing participle (list) + verb-ing
(list))
Use An action or situation For an action that was For an action that The action lasted for
(event) that happened happening for a length happened in the past some time before
(started and ended) in the of time in the past before another action another past action or
past. when another action before some point of
It can be a short or a long happened in the middle time in the past.
event. of it.
Example • I ate breakfast this • At 2.45 pm they • I had already eaten • I had been eating
morning. Last were playing the when my brother for 30 minutes when
• Saturday, Sue played second set. arrived. my brother arrived.
at the neighbour. • I was eating • Tom had already • I had been eating all
breakfast when my eaten when his day.
brother arrived. friend arrived.
1.2 Present Present Simple (Pr.S.) Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect
(Pr.C.) (Pr.P.) Continuous (Pr.P.C.)
Form Subject + verb (s) Subject + am/is/are + Subject + have/has + Subject + have/has +
Infinitive or infinitive + s ver-ing past participle been + verb-ing
(bij She/he/it)
Use When making a general The action is going on For an action that For an action that was
statement of truth at the right now. happened in the past happening for a length
present point of time. before the present of time up to the
moment. present moment.
Example • I eat breakfast every • Amy and Sue are • I have already eaten • I have been eating
day. playing at the breakfast. my lunch for 30
• It snows in Alaska. moment. • He has eaten lunch. minutes.
• Right now, I am • She’s been eating all
eating breakfast. day.
3
