PRIMARY HEALTH CARE UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Name the Principles of Primary Healthcare
Answer:
- Accessible to individuals and families
- Based on community needs and their full participation
- Primary health care is essential health care.
- Scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods & technology.
- Be provided close to where people work and live.
- Affordable for both the community and country.
- Is the first element of a continuing care process
Question:
2. What is the Declaration of Alma Ata
Answer:
"Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable
methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through
their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of
their development in the spirit of self reliance and self determination."
Question:
3. What is Primary Healthcare About
Answer:
It is about looking at the determinants of health of a population
A PCH approach to falls might include:
- An education program aimed at informing older people about how to reduce their risks in the home
- Brochure educating and providing strategies
- A community exercise program to target balance and strength in this group
Question:
4. Fundamental principles of Australian healthcare policies are based upon?
Answer:
Self-determinism: The capacity of individuals, groups and communities to make independent decisions
Cultural Competency: Implies understanding and sensitivity of different cultural beliefs and practices A
lifespan approach: to healthcare (from conception through to death and bereavement).
Question:
5. Explain the difference between Primary Care and Primary Nursing
,Answer:
Primary Care Is a first level of care that includes initial medical care that is provided to a client. Has an
illness focus /disease management Services are not necessarily accessible, affordable, acceptable or
available to a client.
Primary Nursing A client is managed by a single nurse. The nurse cares for the client personally Is
responsible for scheduling all procedures and activities Does not guarantee accessible, affordable,
acceptable and available care
Question:
6. Selective vs. Comprehensive Healthcare
Answer:
Selective - Health achieved through medical interventions., Client is a passive recipient. Service provision
is not holistic, equitable or sustainable.
Comprehensive - Holistic understanding and implementation of healthcare. Wellbeing that is equitable,
empowering and sustainable.
Question:
7. What is the difference between Equality and Equity
Answer:
Equality - Aims to ensure that everyone gets the same things in order to enjoy full, healthy lives.
Equity - Involves trying to understand and give people what they need to enjoy full, healthy lives.
Question:
8. What is Primary Prevention
Answer:
- Promotes health
- Prevents illness/disease
Includes: Health Promotion Health Education, sex education Immunisation., flu vaccines etc.
Question:
9. What is Secondary Prevention
Answer:
Prevent progression to disease through early detection and intervention.
Screening - cancer screening, sun check clinics, Hearing and vision screening
Question:
10. What is Tertiary Prevention
Answer:
Care in: Health & illness, Rehabilitation, Assisting individuals to cope with disease, Prevents immobility
through passive exercise, Improves quality of life
Examples: Diabetes education & monitoring, Silver chain home nursing, OT providing home aids: shower
chairs
Question:
11. Name the Social Determinants of Health
, Answer:
Stress, Social Status, Early life, Social Exclusion, Income, Social Support, Addiction, Food/Transport,
Unemployment
Question:
12. Explain Social Justice
Answer:
Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Reflects the general rejection of discrimination based on distinctions between class, gender, ethnicity,
sexual orientation or culture.
Links between Social Justice and PHC Examples of remote areas, lack of choice, life saving equipment eg.
dialysis machines
Question:
13. Explain Social Capital
Answer:
the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society
to function effectively.
Question:
14. What is Social Inclusion
Answer:
Assumes each person needs to have access to resources to have health, achieve successfully and participate
fully in society
Question:
15. What is Social Exclusion
Answer:
Is the outcome of multiple deprivations that prevent individuals and groups from participating fully in
society
Factors that compound to create social exclusion:
- Dislocation
- Discrimination
- Marginalisation
- Poor levels of education and schooling
- Low income and unemployment
- Inadequate housing
- Lifestyle behaviours
Question:
16. Name the at risk population groups in Australia for concerning health needs & higher risk of disease:
Answer:
Indigenous Health People living with disabilities Rural and remote area populations Prison population
Refugee/Asylum seekers
Question:
17. What is a Community
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Name the Principles of Primary Healthcare
Answer:
- Accessible to individuals and families
- Based on community needs and their full participation
- Primary health care is essential health care.
- Scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods & technology.
- Be provided close to where people work and live.
- Affordable for both the community and country.
- Is the first element of a continuing care process
Question:
2. What is the Declaration of Alma Ata
Answer:
"Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable
methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through
their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of
their development in the spirit of self reliance and self determination."
Question:
3. What is Primary Healthcare About
Answer:
It is about looking at the determinants of health of a population
A PCH approach to falls might include:
- An education program aimed at informing older people about how to reduce their risks in the home
- Brochure educating and providing strategies
- A community exercise program to target balance and strength in this group
Question:
4. Fundamental principles of Australian healthcare policies are based upon?
Answer:
Self-determinism: The capacity of individuals, groups and communities to make independent decisions
Cultural Competency: Implies understanding and sensitivity of different cultural beliefs and practices A
lifespan approach: to healthcare (from conception through to death and bereavement).
Question:
5. Explain the difference between Primary Care and Primary Nursing
,Answer:
Primary Care Is a first level of care that includes initial medical care that is provided to a client. Has an
illness focus /disease management Services are not necessarily accessible, affordable, acceptable or
available to a client.
Primary Nursing A client is managed by a single nurse. The nurse cares for the client personally Is
responsible for scheduling all procedures and activities Does not guarantee accessible, affordable,
acceptable and available care
Question:
6. Selective vs. Comprehensive Healthcare
Answer:
Selective - Health achieved through medical interventions., Client is a passive recipient. Service provision
is not holistic, equitable or sustainable.
Comprehensive - Holistic understanding and implementation of healthcare. Wellbeing that is equitable,
empowering and sustainable.
Question:
7. What is the difference between Equality and Equity
Answer:
Equality - Aims to ensure that everyone gets the same things in order to enjoy full, healthy lives.
Equity - Involves trying to understand and give people what they need to enjoy full, healthy lives.
Question:
8. What is Primary Prevention
Answer:
- Promotes health
- Prevents illness/disease
Includes: Health Promotion Health Education, sex education Immunisation., flu vaccines etc.
Question:
9. What is Secondary Prevention
Answer:
Prevent progression to disease through early detection and intervention.
Screening - cancer screening, sun check clinics, Hearing and vision screening
Question:
10. What is Tertiary Prevention
Answer:
Care in: Health & illness, Rehabilitation, Assisting individuals to cope with disease, Prevents immobility
through passive exercise, Improves quality of life
Examples: Diabetes education & monitoring, Silver chain home nursing, OT providing home aids: shower
chairs
Question:
11. Name the Social Determinants of Health
, Answer:
Stress, Social Status, Early life, Social Exclusion, Income, Social Support, Addiction, Food/Transport,
Unemployment
Question:
12. Explain Social Justice
Answer:
Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.
Reflects the general rejection of discrimination based on distinctions between class, gender, ethnicity,
sexual orientation or culture.
Links between Social Justice and PHC Examples of remote areas, lack of choice, life saving equipment eg.
dialysis machines
Question:
13. Explain Social Capital
Answer:
the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society
to function effectively.
Question:
14. What is Social Inclusion
Answer:
Assumes each person needs to have access to resources to have health, achieve successfully and participate
fully in society
Question:
15. What is Social Exclusion
Answer:
Is the outcome of multiple deprivations that prevent individuals and groups from participating fully in
society
Factors that compound to create social exclusion:
- Dislocation
- Discrimination
- Marginalisation
- Poor levels of education and schooling
- Low income and unemployment
- Inadequate housing
- Lifestyle behaviours
Question:
16. Name the at risk population groups in Australia for concerning health needs & higher risk of disease:
Answer:
Indigenous Health People living with disabilities Rural and remote area populations Prison population
Refugee/Asylum seekers
Question:
17. What is a Community
