MGI 301 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

MGI 301 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. selective medium
Answer:
has ingredients that inhibit growth of sore microbes while allowing others to grow (example; EMB agar
doesn't let gram neg bacteria grow)

Question:
2. differential medium
Answer:
produces a biochemical test (example: end product of a biochemical pathway acid)

Question:
3. pure culture
Answer:
single species of identical cells

Question:
4. tryptone
Answer:
trypsin digest of casein (milk protein) = amino acids and peptides

Question:
5. yeast
Answer:
yeast extract- a water extract of dried yeast cells = many nutrients

Question:
6. A laboratory technique that allows for the production of large amounts of identical DNA molecules in
vitro.
Answer:
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question:
7. The determination of amount of bacterial population growth numbers over time by taking viable cell
timepoints to determine growth dynamics under different conditions.
Answer:
Growth curve assay

Question:
8. A laboratory technique that allows for the quantification of DNA and RNA levels within a cell.
Answer:
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)

,Question:
9. The estimation of the size of a microbial population based on the number of viable colonies formed from
a diluted sample onto an agar plate.
Answer:
Viability assay

Question:
10. The usage of the electrochemical gradient derived from high proton concentrations outside of the cell
moving down their proton gradient across the cell membrane back into the cell to power cellular processes.
Answer:
Proton motive force

Question:
11. Genetic variants or subtypes of an organism that may exhibit different genotypes and phenotypes.
Answer:
Bacterial strain

Question:
12. A chemical pathway that results in the release of energy by the breaking down of a compound/polymer
into smaller components for an essential purpose.
Answer:
Catabolic pathway

Question:
13. what traits make bacteria amenable to experimental manipulation
Answer:
single cellular, asexual, 7.5x less protein coding genes, 20 min generation time, minimal living
requirements, quick and easy to manipulate with easy techniques, 838 genes and all basic cellular process
are conserved (compared to 25500 in mice)

Question:
14. DNA->mRNA
Answer:
transcription w/ RNA polymerase

Question:
15. mRNA -> polypeptide
Answer:
translation by ribosomes

Question:
16. polypeptide forms a
Answer:
protein

Question:
17. genotype -> phenotype

, Answer:
genotype-> polypeptide -> enzymes -> metabolic pathways -> products -> phenotypes

Question:
18. how can a phenotype change by the same genotype
Answer:
mutations

Question:
19. how is a mutant phenotype made
Answer:
from a mutated genotype from a malfunction gene and it is transcripted and translated into a
malfunctioning enzyme

Question:
20. 4 major macromolecules (building blocks)
Answer:
nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

Question:
21. enzymes make or break down
Answer:
nucleic acids

Question:
22. most proteins have the
Answer:
enzyme activity to produce energy and macromolecules for the cell

Question:
23. membrane proteins function
Answer:
transport of nutrients, enzymatic catalysis of catabolic and anabolic pathways, cellular structure and
motility

Question:
24. energy source
Answer:
a molecule that gets broken down and used to make ATP for the cell

Question:
25. carbon source
Answer:
broken down molecule into carbon molecules to produce cellular structures to make proteins or nucleotides

Question:
26. lipids function