Question 1
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ of the remaining liver
cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
Question 2
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to do what he
used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all
that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
CORRECT ANSWER
1
@THE STUDY VAULT
, B, C, E
Question 3
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for
evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
CORRECT ANSWER
A
Question 4
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of
lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
CORRECT ANSWER
B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
2
@THE STUDY VAULT
,You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function
while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead
poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-
threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
Question 5
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on
the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely
contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
CORRECT ANSWER
B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
Question 6
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple systems, the most
important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
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@THE STUDY VAULT
, D. Cardiovascular
CORRECT ANSWER
C
Question 7
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
CORRECT ANSWER
D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
Question 8
Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
CORRECT ANSWER
B
4
@THE STUDY VAULT
A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ of the remaining liver
cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia
CORRECT ANSWER
C
Question 2
An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to do what he
used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all
that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity
CORRECT ANSWER
1
@THE STUDY VAULT
, B, C, E
Question 3
A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for
evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells
CORRECT ANSWER
A
Question 4
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of
lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel
CORRECT ANSWER
B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
2
@THE STUDY VAULT
,You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function
while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead
poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-
threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
Question 5
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on
the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely
contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes
CORRECT ANSWER
B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
Question 6
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple systems, the most
important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
3
@THE STUDY VAULT
, D. Cardiovascular
CORRECT ANSWER
C
Question 7
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates
CORRECT ANSWER
D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
Question 8
Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function
CORRECT ANSWER
B
4
@THE STUDY VAULT
