https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2e (OPENSTAX)
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE Chapter-by-Chapter Key
Concepts & Practice Questions
CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
Key Concepts
Levels of Organization:
1. Chemical (atoms, molecules)
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organism
Organ Systems (11):
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
• Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary,
Reproductive
Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal environment
• Negative feedback: reverses change (e.g., temperature
regulation)
• Positive feedback: amplifies change (e.g., childbirth)
Anatomical Position:
• Standing upright, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms
forward
Directional Terms:
• Superior/Inferior, Anterior/Posterior, Medial/Lateral,
Proximal/Distal, Superficial/Deep
Practice Questions
1. Which level of organization is composed of two or more
tissue types?
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
A) Cellular
B) Organ
C) Chemical
D) Organism
Answer: B
Rationale: Organs are composed of two or more tissue types.
2. Negative feedback mechanisms work to:
A) Amplify change
B) Reverse a change and restore balance
C) Increase the stimulus
D) No effect
Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts changes.
3. The term "anterior" means:
A) Toward the back
B) Toward the front
C) Toward the midline
D) Away from the body surface
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
Answer: B
Rationale: Anterior = front.
4. Which organ system produces hormones?
A) Nervous
B) Endocrine
C) Skeletal
D) Muscular
Answer: B
Rationale: The endocrine system produces hormones.
5. Homeostasis is best defined as:
A) Constant change
B) Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C) Disease state
D) Growth only
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains stability.
CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2e (OPENSTAX)
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE Chapter-by-Chapter Key
Concepts & Practice Questions
CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
Key Concepts
Levels of Organization:
1. Chemical (atoms, molecules)
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organism
Organ Systems (11):
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
• Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary,
Reproductive
Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal environment
• Negative feedback: reverses change (e.g., temperature
regulation)
• Positive feedback: amplifies change (e.g., childbirth)
Anatomical Position:
• Standing upright, feet parallel, arms at sides, palms
forward
Directional Terms:
• Superior/Inferior, Anterior/Posterior, Medial/Lateral,
Proximal/Distal, Superficial/Deep
Practice Questions
1. Which level of organization is composed of two or more
tissue types?
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
A) Cellular
B) Organ
C) Chemical
D) Organism
Answer: B
Rationale: Organs are composed of two or more tissue types.
2. Negative feedback mechanisms work to:
A) Amplify change
B) Reverse a change and restore balance
C) Increase the stimulus
D) No effect
Answer: B
Rationale: Negative feedback counteracts changes.
3. The term "anterior" means:
A) Toward the back
B) Toward the front
C) Toward the midline
D) Away from the body surface
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/Performance
Answer: B
Rationale: Anterior = front.
4. Which organ system produces hormones?
A) Nervous
B) Endocrine
C) Skeletal
D) Muscular
Answer: B
Rationale: The endocrine system produces hormones.
5. Homeostasis is best defined as:
A) Constant change
B) Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C) Disease state
D) Growth only
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis maintains stability.
CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
