CAPSTONE EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (2)
Question:
Tuskegee Syphilis study & why we have IRB
Answer:
studied natural course of untreated syphilis on 399 black men 25+years old; no
informed consent and believed it was about gov't healthcare.
Over 100 men died from complications; not given treatment even when it became
available.
Conducted 1932-1972 and shut down in 1973
Question:
Response to Tuskegee Study
Answer:
National Research Act of 1974. Created National Commission for the Protection of
Human subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Question:
Preamble / General Principles
Answer:
a) beneficence and nonmaleficence;
b) fidelity and responsibility;
c) integrity;
d) justice;
e) respect for people's rights and dignity
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) resolving ethical issues
Answer:
use step-wise approach(convo→APA/boss); confidentiality; make your own
commitment known
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) privacy and
confidentiality
Answer:
informed consent (risk and benefits, study components, and voluntary
participation); human dignity→ autonomy→ Tuskegee study
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) advertising and other
public statements
Answer:
no seeking out but participation is okay; make role explicit (not formal
therapy/study, etc)
, Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) record keeping and
fees
Answer:
follow IRB's protocols and guidelines; keep confidentiality in mind; fees can be
non-monetary as long as no interference)
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) research and
publications
Answer:
need IRB approval(informed consent); live document (ex. Procedure changes
must be communicated)
Question:
the extent to which an investigation rules out or makes implausible alternative
explanations of the results (changes are due to the independent variable)
Answer:
Internal Validity
Question:
rival hypotheses; and parsimony/Occam's razor- when there are competing
hypotheses, we want to select the one with the fewest assumptions(most simple)
Answer:
Threats to Internal Validity
Question:
(Threats to Internal Validity) history
Answer:
event(s) inside or outside the experiment; for one group it's called Selection X
history
Question:
(Threats to Internal Validity) maturation
Answer:
natural changes people go through (ex. Attention spams naturally go down with
fatigue; IQ increases with development)
Question:
extent to which results can be generalized beyond conditions of the experiment
to other populations, settings, and circumstances (do results apply to the context
of the real world?)
Answer:
External Validity
Question:
Threats to External validity
AND CORRECT ANSWERS (2)
Question:
Tuskegee Syphilis study & why we have IRB
Answer:
studied natural course of untreated syphilis on 399 black men 25+years old; no
informed consent and believed it was about gov't healthcare.
Over 100 men died from complications; not given treatment even when it became
available.
Conducted 1932-1972 and shut down in 1973
Question:
Response to Tuskegee Study
Answer:
National Research Act of 1974. Created National Commission for the Protection of
Human subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Question:
Preamble / General Principles
Answer:
a) beneficence and nonmaleficence;
b) fidelity and responsibility;
c) integrity;
d) justice;
e) respect for people's rights and dignity
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) resolving ethical issues
Answer:
use step-wise approach(convo→APA/boss); confidentiality; make your own
commitment known
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) privacy and
confidentiality
Answer:
informed consent (risk and benefits, study components, and voluntary
participation); human dignity→ autonomy→ Tuskegee study
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) advertising and other
public statements
Answer:
no seeking out but participation is okay; make role explicit (not formal
therapy/study, etc)
, Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) record keeping and
fees
Answer:
follow IRB's protocols and guidelines; keep confidentiality in mind; fees can be
non-monetary as long as no interference)
Question:
(Ethical standards 10 subsections) research and
publications
Answer:
need IRB approval(informed consent); live document (ex. Procedure changes
must be communicated)
Question:
the extent to which an investigation rules out or makes implausible alternative
explanations of the results (changes are due to the independent variable)
Answer:
Internal Validity
Question:
rival hypotheses; and parsimony/Occam's razor- when there are competing
hypotheses, we want to select the one with the fewest assumptions(most simple)
Answer:
Threats to Internal Validity
Question:
(Threats to Internal Validity) history
Answer:
event(s) inside or outside the experiment; for one group it's called Selection X
history
Question:
(Threats to Internal Validity) maturation
Answer:
natural changes people go through (ex. Attention spams naturally go down with
fatigue; IQ increases with development)
Question:
extent to which results can be generalized beyond conditions of the experiment
to other populations, settings, and circumstances (do results apply to the context
of the real world?)
Answer:
External Validity
Question:
Threats to External validity
