Surgery EOR Gastrointestinal Practice Test(Smarty PANCE)
What are common types of anal disorders? Hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anal abscess, and fistulas
What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids? Painless bright red rectal bleeding, pruritus, and discomfort
What is the treatment for internal hemorrhoids? Increased fiber intake, sitz baths, and rubber band ligation for severe cases
What causes anal fissures? Trauma during defecation, constipation, or hard stools
What is the hallmark symptom of anal fissures? Sharp pain with bowel movements and blood on the toilet paper
What is the treatment for chronic anal fissures? Topical nitroglycerin, botulinum toxin, or lateral internal sphincterotomy
What is the most common cause of an anorectal Infection of the anal glands, typically with Staphylococcus aureus or E. coli
abscess?
How is an anorectal abscess treated? Incision and drainage, followed by antibiotics if necessary
What is an anal fistula? An abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin
How are anal fistulas typically treated? Surgical fistulotomy to prevent recurrent infection and abscess formation
Appendicitis
What is the most common cause of acute appendicitis? Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith or lymphoid hyperplasia
What are the classic symptoms of appendicitis? Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant, fever, nausea, and
vomiting
What is McBurney's point? The point one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the
umbilicus, tender in appendicitis
, Surgery EOR Gastrointestinal Practice Test(Smarty PANCE)
What imaging is used to confirm appendicitis? Abdominal ultrasound or CT scan
What is the treatment for acute appendicitis? Appendectomy (laparoscopic or open)
What are the potential complications of untreated Perforation, peritonitis, abscess formation
appendicitis?
What is a common differential diagnosis for appendicitis Ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease
in women?
How is appendicitis managed non-surgically in select IV antibiotics for early, uncomplicated cases (though surgery is definitive)
patients?
What is the Alvarado score? A clinical scoring system used to assess the likelihood of appendicitis
What is a common postoperative complication of Wound infection or intra-abdominal abscess
appendectomy?
Bowel Obstruction
What are the two main types of bowel obstruction? Small bowel obstruction (SBO) and large bowel obstruction (LBO)
What is the most common cause of small bowel Adhesions from prior surgeries
obstruction?
What are the typical symptoms of bowel obstruction? Abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and inability to pass gas or stool
What imaging is used to diagnose bowel obstruction? Abdominal X-ray showing air-fluid levels or CT scan
What is the first-line treatment for bowel obstruction? Nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and bowel rest
What is the indication for surgery in bowel obstruction? Complete obstruction, strangulation, or failure of conservative management
What are the potential complications of untreated bowel Bowel ischemia, perforation, sepsis
obstruction?
, Surgery EOR Gastrointestinal Practice Test(Smarty PANCE)
What is the most common cause of large bowel Colorectal cancer
obstruction?
What is the hallmark of bowel strangulation? Severe, constant pain, fever, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis
What is a volvulus? A twisting of the bowel on its mesenteric axis, often causing obstruction
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis
What is cholecystitis? Inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones
What are the typical symptoms of cholecystitis? Right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and positive Murphy’s sign
What is Murphy's sign? Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the right upper quadrant, indicating
cholecystitis
What imaging is used to diagnose cholecystitis? Ultrasound of the right upper quadrant
What is the treatment for acute cholecystitis? IV antibiotics followed by cholecystectomy
What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis? The 4 Fs: Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile
What are the symptoms of biliary colic? Intermittent right upper quadrant pain after eating fatty meals, without fever
What are the potential complications of untreated Gallbladder perforation, abscess, pancreatitis
cholecystitis?
What is the management for asymptomatic Observation; no treatment required unless symptoms develop
cholelithiasis?
What is acalculous cholecystitis? Cholecystitis without gallstones, often seen in critically ill patients
Diverticulitis
What are common types of anal disorders? Hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anal abscess, and fistulas
What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids? Painless bright red rectal bleeding, pruritus, and discomfort
What is the treatment for internal hemorrhoids? Increased fiber intake, sitz baths, and rubber band ligation for severe cases
What causes anal fissures? Trauma during defecation, constipation, or hard stools
What is the hallmark symptom of anal fissures? Sharp pain with bowel movements and blood on the toilet paper
What is the treatment for chronic anal fissures? Topical nitroglycerin, botulinum toxin, or lateral internal sphincterotomy
What is the most common cause of an anorectal Infection of the anal glands, typically with Staphylococcus aureus or E. coli
abscess?
How is an anorectal abscess treated? Incision and drainage, followed by antibiotics if necessary
What is an anal fistula? An abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin
How are anal fistulas typically treated? Surgical fistulotomy to prevent recurrent infection and abscess formation
Appendicitis
What is the most common cause of acute appendicitis? Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by a fecalith or lymphoid hyperplasia
What are the classic symptoms of appendicitis? Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant, fever, nausea, and
vomiting
What is McBurney's point? The point one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the
umbilicus, tender in appendicitis
, Surgery EOR Gastrointestinal Practice Test(Smarty PANCE)
What imaging is used to confirm appendicitis? Abdominal ultrasound or CT scan
What is the treatment for acute appendicitis? Appendectomy (laparoscopic or open)
What are the potential complications of untreated Perforation, peritonitis, abscess formation
appendicitis?
What is a common differential diagnosis for appendicitis Ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease
in women?
How is appendicitis managed non-surgically in select IV antibiotics for early, uncomplicated cases (though surgery is definitive)
patients?
What is the Alvarado score? A clinical scoring system used to assess the likelihood of appendicitis
What is a common postoperative complication of Wound infection or intra-abdominal abscess
appendectomy?
Bowel Obstruction
What are the two main types of bowel obstruction? Small bowel obstruction (SBO) and large bowel obstruction (LBO)
What is the most common cause of small bowel Adhesions from prior surgeries
obstruction?
What are the typical symptoms of bowel obstruction? Abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and inability to pass gas or stool
What imaging is used to diagnose bowel obstruction? Abdominal X-ray showing air-fluid levels or CT scan
What is the first-line treatment for bowel obstruction? Nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, and bowel rest
What is the indication for surgery in bowel obstruction? Complete obstruction, strangulation, or failure of conservative management
What are the potential complications of untreated bowel Bowel ischemia, perforation, sepsis
obstruction?
, Surgery EOR Gastrointestinal Practice Test(Smarty PANCE)
What is the most common cause of large bowel Colorectal cancer
obstruction?
What is the hallmark of bowel strangulation? Severe, constant pain, fever, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis
What is a volvulus? A twisting of the bowel on its mesenteric axis, often causing obstruction
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis
What is cholecystitis? Inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones
What are the typical symptoms of cholecystitis? Right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and positive Murphy’s sign
What is Murphy's sign? Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the right upper quadrant, indicating
cholecystitis
What imaging is used to diagnose cholecystitis? Ultrasound of the right upper quadrant
What is the treatment for acute cholecystitis? IV antibiotics followed by cholecystectomy
What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis? The 4 Fs: Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile
What are the symptoms of biliary colic? Intermittent right upper quadrant pain after eating fatty meals, without fever
What are the potential complications of untreated Gallbladder perforation, abscess, pancreatitis
cholecystitis?
What is the management for asymptomatic Observation; no treatment required unless symptoms develop
cholelithiasis?
What is acalculous cholecystitis? Cholecystitis without gallstones, often seen in critically ill patients
Diverticulitis
