,NURS 440 final exam Issues and Trends in Nursing Questions And Answers 2026/2027
West Coast University
Q1. Which statement best describes the focus of issues and trends in nursing?
A. Mastering medication administration
B. Examining social, political, economic, technological, and professional forces affecting
nursing
C. Learning advanced surgical procedures
D. Focusing only on bedside assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Issues and trends examines the broader forces that influence nursing practice,
education, healthcare delivery, and the profession.
Q2. Which characteristic is essential for a profession?
A. Specialized body of knowledge
B. Code of ethics
C. Autonomy and self-regulation
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Professions are characterized by specialized knowledge, ethical standards,
professional autonomy, and systems of self-regulation.
Q3. Which characteristic distinguishes a profession from an occupation?
A. Specialized knowledge and formal education
B. Informal training only
C. Lack of accountability
D. No ethical standards
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professions require specialized knowledge acquired through formal education
and maintain defined standards of practice.
**Q4. Which responsibility is central to a profession?
A. Service to society
B. Maximizing personal income
, C. Avoiding accountability
D. Limiting continuing education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professions have a social responsibility to serve the public and maintain
standards that protect society.
**Q5. Which historical figure is most closely associated with modern professional nursing?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established systematic nursing education, emphasized
sanitation and environmental care, and contributed substantially to professional nursing.
**Q6. Which contribution is associated with Florence Nightingale?
A. Establishing sanitation and environmental improvements in nursing care
B. Creating Medicare
C. Establishing the ANA
D. Writing the Nurse Practice Act
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale demonstrated that sanitation, ventilation, cleanliness, nutrition,
and environmental conditions significantly affect patient outcomes.
**Q7. Which development contributed to the professionalization of nursing?
A. Development of nursing education programs
B. Establishment of nursing research
C. Formation of professional organizations
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Education, research, professional organizations, ethics, regulation, and a
specialized body of knowledge all strengthened nursing as a profession.
**Q8. What is the primary purpose of a Nurse Practice Act?
West Coast University
Q1. Which statement best describes the focus of issues and trends in nursing?
A. Mastering medication administration
B. Examining social, political, economic, technological, and professional forces affecting
nursing
C. Learning advanced surgical procedures
D. Focusing only on bedside assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Issues and trends examines the broader forces that influence nursing practice,
education, healthcare delivery, and the profession.
Q2. Which characteristic is essential for a profession?
A. Specialized body of knowledge
B. Code of ethics
C. Autonomy and self-regulation
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Professions are characterized by specialized knowledge, ethical standards,
professional autonomy, and systems of self-regulation.
Q3. Which characteristic distinguishes a profession from an occupation?
A. Specialized knowledge and formal education
B. Informal training only
C. Lack of accountability
D. No ethical standards
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professions require specialized knowledge acquired through formal education
and maintain defined standards of practice.
**Q4. Which responsibility is central to a profession?
A. Service to society
B. Maximizing personal income
, C. Avoiding accountability
D. Limiting continuing education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Professions have a social responsibility to serve the public and maintain
standards that protect society.
**Q5. Which historical figure is most closely associated with modern professional nursing?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established systematic nursing education, emphasized
sanitation and environmental care, and contributed substantially to professional nursing.
**Q6. Which contribution is associated with Florence Nightingale?
A. Establishing sanitation and environmental improvements in nursing care
B. Creating Medicare
C. Establishing the ANA
D. Writing the Nurse Practice Act
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale demonstrated that sanitation, ventilation, cleanliness, nutrition,
and environmental conditions significantly affect patient outcomes.
**Q7. Which development contributed to the professionalization of nursing?
A. Development of nursing education programs
B. Establishment of nursing research
C. Formation of professional organizations
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Education, research, professional organizations, ethics, regulation, and a
specialized body of knowledge all strengthened nursing as a profession.
**Q8. What is the primary purpose of a Nurse Practice Act?
