NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM HIGH-YIELD CELLULAR INJURY,
INFLAMMATION, AND ORGAN SYSTEM
DISORDERS SUMMARY 2026
◉ What is the pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complex-mediated reactions.
◉ What is the role of mast cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: They are the primary effector cells responsible for initiating
and mediating the reactions.
◉ What are common treatments for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma?
Answer: Antihistamines (loratadine, cetirizine), inhaled
corticosteroids (fluticasone), leukotriene modifiers.
◉ What is the significance of IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: It mediates the activation of mast cells and basophils,
leading to the release of histamine and other mediators.
◉ What are the common symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
,Answer: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes, and
throat.
◉ What characterizes Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
◉ What is the mechanism of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complexes (antigen-antibody) deposit in tissues,
resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.
◉ What is the major difference between Type 2 and Type 3
hypersensitivity responses?
Answer: In Type 2 responses, antibodies bind to antigens on cell
surfaces, while in Type 3 responses, antibodies bind to antigens in
body fluids and circulate to tissues.
◉ What is a prototype disease associated with Type 3
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype disease
associated with Type 3 hypersensitivity.
, ◉ What are common symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
Answer: Symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, a butterfly rash
on the face, kidney involvement (proteinuria, hematuria), and
serositis (pleuritis or pericarditis).
◉ What is serum sickness?
Answer: Serum sickness is an immune-complex hypersensitivity
reaction that presents with fever, rash, generalized joint pain, and
localized swelling.
◉ What is the sequence of events in a Type 3 hypersensitivity
reaction?
Answer: 1. Antibodies bind to antigens 2. Immune complexes form 3.
Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissue 4. Activation of
complement 5. Inflammatory response at the site of deposit 6.
Release of lysosomal enzymes and chemical mediators 7. Tissue
damage.
◉ What are the key features of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are delayed, cell-
mediated responses mediated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages.
◉ What occurs when T-cells encounter an antigen in Type 4
hypersensitivity?
MIDTERM HIGH-YIELD CELLULAR INJURY,
INFLAMMATION, AND ORGAN SYSTEM
DISORDERS SUMMARY 2026
◉ What is the pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complex-mediated reactions.
◉ What is the role of mast cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: They are the primary effector cells responsible for initiating
and mediating the reactions.
◉ What are common treatments for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma?
Answer: Antihistamines (loratadine, cetirizine), inhaled
corticosteroids (fluticasone), leukotriene modifiers.
◉ What is the significance of IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: It mediates the activation of mast cells and basophils,
leading to the release of histamine and other mediators.
◉ What are the common symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
,Answer: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes, and
throat.
◉ What characterizes Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to
complement activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
◉ What is the mechanism of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complexes (antigen-antibody) deposit in tissues,
resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.
◉ What is the major difference between Type 2 and Type 3
hypersensitivity responses?
Answer: In Type 2 responses, antibodies bind to antigens on cell
surfaces, while in Type 3 responses, antibodies bind to antigens in
body fluids and circulate to tissues.
◉ What is a prototype disease associated with Type 3
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype disease
associated with Type 3 hypersensitivity.
, ◉ What are common symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE)?
Answer: Symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, a butterfly rash
on the face, kidney involvement (proteinuria, hematuria), and
serositis (pleuritis or pericarditis).
◉ What is serum sickness?
Answer: Serum sickness is an immune-complex hypersensitivity
reaction that presents with fever, rash, generalized joint pain, and
localized swelling.
◉ What is the sequence of events in a Type 3 hypersensitivity
reaction?
Answer: 1. Antibodies bind to antigens 2. Immune complexes form 3.
Complexes deposit in blood vessels or tissue 4. Activation of
complement 5. Inflammatory response at the site of deposit 6.
Release of lysosomal enzymes and chemical mediators 7. Tissue
damage.
◉ What are the key features of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are delayed, cell-
mediated responses mediated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages.
◉ What occurs when T-cells encounter an antigen in Type 4
hypersensitivity?
