NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Stage I CKD.
Answer: There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR
90-120
◉ Stage II CKD.
Answer: There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89
◉ Stage III CKD.
Answer: There is a moderate decrease in GFR
30-59
◉ Stage IV CKD.
Answer: There is a severe decrease in GFR
15-29
◉ Stage V CKD.
Answer: Kidney failure- End-stage renal disease
, <15 (dialysis) Once Stage IV is reached, progression to Stage V is
inevitable as well as dialysis or kidney transplant
◉ Complications of Decreased GFR.
Answer: Anemia
Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic acidosis
Malnutrition (late complication)
◉ GERD.
Answer: Warning signs include: Symptoms over age of 50:
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
-Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
-Nausea and vomiting
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Stage I CKD.
Answer: There is kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR
90-120
◉ Stage II CKD.
Answer: There is kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
60-89
◉ Stage III CKD.
Answer: There is a moderate decrease in GFR
30-59
◉ Stage IV CKD.
Answer: There is a severe decrease in GFR
15-29
◉ Stage V CKD.
Answer: Kidney failure- End-stage renal disease
, <15 (dialysis) Once Stage IV is reached, progression to Stage V is
inevitable as well as dialysis or kidney transplant
◉ Complications of Decreased GFR.
Answer: Anemia
Hypertension
Decreased calcium absorption
Hyperlipidemia
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Fluid volume overload
Hyperkalemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Metabolic acidosis
Malnutrition (late complication)
◉ GERD.
Answer: Warning signs include: Symptoms over age of 50:
-Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
-Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
-Nausea and vomiting