NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Answer: Ovulation, progesterone production (in glanulosa cells)
◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Answer: Follicle maturation, estrogen production (In Women:
Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin.
Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids (Corticotropic,
from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins.
Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and water intake
(Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
◉ ADH functions.
Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
,permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption into the
blood and production of more concentrated urine, these may be
inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and hypokalemia.
◉ Osmoreceptors.
Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH.
Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:.
Answer: osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus. Stimulated by
increased plasma osmolality, then ADH secretion is increased, water
is then reabsorbed from the kidney, and plasma is diluted to its'
setpoint osmolality (280 mOsm/kg). ADH has an indirect affect on
electrolyte levels due to increased water reabsorption. Electrolytes
may decrease.
ADH secretion is also increased by changes in intravascular volume
monitored by mechanoreceptors in left atrium and carotid and
aortic arches. Volume loss through trauma (7%-25%) acts on
receptors to stimulate ADH secretion.
◉ ADH secretion decreased with:.
,Answer: Decrease in plasma osmolality, increase in intravascular
volume, hypertension, increase in estrogen, progesterone,
angiotensin II levels, and alcohol ingestion
◉ ADH (given as Vasopressin) may help to:.
Answer: Increase BP and to achieve hemostasis during volume loss
during shock states.
◉ Oxytocin.
Answer: Responsible for contraction of uterus and milk ejection in
lactation, and may effect sperm motility in men. Oxytocin is
stimulated by sucking and mechanical distention of femaile
reproduction tract. Oxytocin binds to myoepithelial cells in
mammary tissues and causes the contraction of those cells. "let
down" reflex
◉ Hormones of Anterior Pituitary.
Answer: ACTH, MSH, LH, GH, FSH, and TSH
◉ Anterior Pituitary composed of two main cell types:.
Answer: Chromophobes, and chromophils
Chromophobes appear to be non-secretory, and Chromophils are
secretory cells of the adenohypophysis.
, ◉ Chromophils and its' seven secretory cell types.
Answer:
◉ Regulation of anterior pituitary is achieved by:.
Answer: feedback from hypothalamic releasing-inhibitory hormones
and factors, and feedback from target gland hormones (cortisol,
estrogen).
◉ Growth Hormone secretion is controlled by 2 hormones from the
__________________, ______________________and ________________.
Answer: hypothalamus, Growth Hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH) which releases, and somatostatin which inhibits GH.
◉ GH is released by the?.
Answer: GH is released from the pituitary in a pulsatile fashion, and
overall secretion peaks during adolescence.
◉ GH is essential for what?.
Answer: Growth, effects of aging, sleep, nutritional status, stress, and
reproductive hormones
◉ Anabolic functions of GH are mediated by?.
Answer: partially by insulin-like growth factors (IGF's) or also called
somatomedins.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
Answer: Ovulation, progesterone production (in glanulosa cells)
◉ Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
Answer: Follicle maturation, estrogen production (In Women:
Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli Cells)
◉ B-Lipotropin.
Answer: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids (Corticotropic,
from Adipose Cells)
◉ B-Endorphins.
Answer: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and water intake
(Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
◉ ADH functions.
Answer: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
,permeability which leads to increased water reabsorption into the
blood and production of more concentrated urine, these may be
inhibited by hypercalcemia, prostaglandin E, and hypokalemia.
◉ Osmoreceptors.
Answer:
◉ High levels of ADH.
Answer: Acts on Vasopressin 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction
◉ ADH secretion is controlled by:.
Answer: osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus. Stimulated by
increased plasma osmolality, then ADH secretion is increased, water
is then reabsorbed from the kidney, and plasma is diluted to its'
setpoint osmolality (280 mOsm/kg). ADH has an indirect affect on
electrolyte levels due to increased water reabsorption. Electrolytes
may decrease.
ADH secretion is also increased by changes in intravascular volume
monitored by mechanoreceptors in left atrium and carotid and
aortic arches. Volume loss through trauma (7%-25%) acts on
receptors to stimulate ADH secretion.
◉ ADH secretion decreased with:.
,Answer: Decrease in plasma osmolality, increase in intravascular
volume, hypertension, increase in estrogen, progesterone,
angiotensin II levels, and alcohol ingestion
◉ ADH (given as Vasopressin) may help to:.
Answer: Increase BP and to achieve hemostasis during volume loss
during shock states.
◉ Oxytocin.
Answer: Responsible for contraction of uterus and milk ejection in
lactation, and may effect sperm motility in men. Oxytocin is
stimulated by sucking and mechanical distention of femaile
reproduction tract. Oxytocin binds to myoepithelial cells in
mammary tissues and causes the contraction of those cells. "let
down" reflex
◉ Hormones of Anterior Pituitary.
Answer: ACTH, MSH, LH, GH, FSH, and TSH
◉ Anterior Pituitary composed of two main cell types:.
Answer: Chromophobes, and chromophils
Chromophobes appear to be non-secretory, and Chromophils are
secretory cells of the adenohypophysis.
, ◉ Chromophils and its' seven secretory cell types.
Answer:
◉ Regulation of anterior pituitary is achieved by:.
Answer: feedback from hypothalamic releasing-inhibitory hormones
and factors, and feedback from target gland hormones (cortisol,
estrogen).
◉ Growth Hormone secretion is controlled by 2 hormones from the
__________________, ______________________and ________________.
Answer: hypothalamus, Growth Hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH) which releases, and somatostatin which inhibits GH.
◉ GH is released by the?.
Answer: GH is released from the pituitary in a pulsatile fashion, and
overall secretion peaks during adolescence.
◉ GH is essential for what?.
Answer: Growth, effects of aging, sleep, nutritional status, stress, and
reproductive hormones
◉ Anabolic functions of GH are mediated by?.
Answer: partially by insulin-like growth factors (IGF's) or also called
somatomedins.
