APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE
ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE, 2ND EDITION
Comprehensive Test Bank & Practice Examination
Based on Dlugasch & Story, 2nd Edition (2026/2027)
, EXAM STRUCTURE
Section Content Area Questions
I Cellular Function & Genetics 1-10
II Cellular Adaptation, Injury & Death 11-20
III Immunity & Inflammation 21-25
IV Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance 26-32
V Advanced Clinical Reasoning (NGN-Style Case Studies) 33-40
SECTION I: CELLULAR FUNCTION & GENETICS
Question 1
A graduate nursing student is reviewing cellular organelles. Which statement correctly describes
the function of the nucleus?
A) The nucleus is the site of protein synthesis.
B) The nucleus contains the genetic code, which is essential for cell function and survival.
, C) The nucleus transforms cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation.
D) The nucleus initiates aerobic metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, which contains the genetic code necessary for
protein synthesis, cell replication, and overall cellular function -6. Choice A is incorrect because protein
synthesis occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Choice C is incorrect
because mitochondria are responsible for energy transformation. Choice D is incorrect because aerobic
metabolism occurs in the mitochondria.
Question 2
Mitochondria are known as the "power plants" of the cell because they:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) Extract energy from organic compounds through oxidative phosphorylation.
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation, a process that extracts energy from organic compounds using oxygen -6-9. Choice A
ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE, 2ND EDITION
Comprehensive Test Bank & Practice Examination
Based on Dlugasch & Story, 2nd Edition (2026/2027)
, EXAM STRUCTURE
Section Content Area Questions
I Cellular Function & Genetics 1-10
II Cellular Adaptation, Injury & Death 11-20
III Immunity & Inflammation 21-25
IV Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance 26-32
V Advanced Clinical Reasoning (NGN-Style Case Studies) 33-40
SECTION I: CELLULAR FUNCTION & GENETICS
Question 1
A graduate nursing student is reviewing cellular organelles. Which statement correctly describes
the function of the nucleus?
A) The nucleus is the site of protein synthesis.
B) The nucleus contains the genetic code, which is essential for cell function and survival.
, C) The nucleus transforms cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation.
D) The nucleus initiates aerobic metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, which contains the genetic code necessary for
protein synthesis, cell replication, and overall cellular function -6. Choice A is incorrect because protein
synthesis occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Choice C is incorrect
because mitochondria are responsible for energy transformation. Choice D is incorrect because aerobic
metabolism occurs in the mitochondria.
Question 2
Mitochondria are known as the "power plants" of the cell because they:
A) Contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) Utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) Extract energy from organic compounds through oxidative phosphorylation.
D) Store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation, a process that extracts energy from organic compounds using oxygen -6-9. Choice A
