Test Bank for McCance Huether
Pathophysiology Test 1 The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and
Children (9th Edition) by Julia
Rogers |Fully covere with questions
and answers |100% highly graded A+
central nervous system (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS-consists of brain and spinal
cord, enclosed within the cranial vault and vertebrae
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS-composed of cranial nerves
and spinal nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
cranial nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the brain and pass through
foramina in the skull
spinal nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the spinal cord and pass through
intervertebral foramina of the vertebrae
afferent - CORRECT ANSWERS-pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
efferent - CORRECT ANSWERS-descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from
the CNS to effector organs
somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS-consist of motor and sensory
pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS-consists of motor and sensory
components and is involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through
involuntary control of organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
,microtubules - CORRECT ANSWERS-made of protein and believed to be involved in
transport of cellular products
neuroglial cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-found in the CNS and PNS and can provide
structural support and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve
impulses, and play a role in memory
Nissl substances - CORRECT ANSWERS-consist of ER and ribosomes and are
involved in protein synthesis
nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS-dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
ganglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-groups of cells bodies in the PNS
dendrites - CORRECT ANSWERS-extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell
body
dendritic zone - CORRECT ANSWERS-the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a
stimulus and continues further conduction
axons - CORRECT ANSWERS-long, conductive projections from the cell body that
carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
axon hillock - CORRECT ANSWERS-the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the
axon leaves the cell body
fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS-bundles of axons in large nerves
myelin - CORRECT ANSWERS-an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of
lipid material
endoneurium - CORRECT ANSWERS-a delicate connective tissue around each axon in
the PNS
nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWERS-interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin
sheath
saltatory conduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-process by which ions can flow between
segments rather than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased
velocity of neuronal conduction
divergence - CORRECT ANSWERS-ability of branching axons to influence many
different neurons
convergence - CORRECT ANSWERS-branches of numerous neurons converging on
and influencing one or a few nuerons
,larger - CORRECT ANSWERS-_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
unipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons have one process that branches shortly after
leaving the cell body.
pseudounipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that have one process that has its
dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the
CNS
-typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
bipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that have two distinct processes arising from
the cell body; example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
multipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that are the most common and have
multiple dendrites and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
sensory - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory
receptors to the CNS
interneurons - CORRECT ANSWERS-transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are
also involved in cognitive function
motor - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to
an effector organ
neuroglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-most numerous type of CNS cell
astrocyte - CORRECT ANSWERS-a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons
and surrounds blood vessels in the CNS
oligodendrocyte - CORRECT ANSWERS-a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit
myelin within the CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
ependymal - CORRECT ANSWERS-neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in
the CNS
microglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
Schwann cell - CORRECT ANSWERS-a glial cell that wraps around and covers axons
in the PNS. Forms and maintains the myelin sheath
wallerian degeneration - CORRECT ANSWERS-the sequence of events that occur
when an axon is severed
synapse - CORRECT ANSWERS-region between adjacent neurons
, presynaptic - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that relay impulses toward the synapse
postsynaptic - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that relay impulses away from the
synapse
action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-An ______ _______ in the presynaptic neuron
causes the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters through the plasma
membrane into the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWERS-A ________ is normally stored on one side of
a synaptic cleft, and its receptors are on the other side
cannabinoid - CORRECT ANSWERS-transmitters that are released from postsynaptic
neurons that modulate neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neurons
summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the number and frequency of potentials the
postsynaptic neuron receives
temporal summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the effects of successive, rapid impulses
received from a single neuron on the same synapse
spatial summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the combined effects of impulses from a
number of neurons on a single synapse at the same time
facilitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the effect of excitatory postsynaptic potentials on
the plasma membrane potential
brainstem - CORRECT ANSWERS-made up of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and
the pons
reticular formation - CORRECT ANSWERS-a large network of connective tissue nuclei
within the brainstem that regulate vital reflexes. Essential for maintaining wakefulness
reticular activating system - CORRECT ANSWERS-reticular formation + cerebral cortex
plasticity - CORRECT ANSWERS-a principle of the CNS meaning that it is capable of
change. the ability of the CNS to do this decreases with age
gyri - CORRECT ANSWERS-numerous convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum
sulci - CORRECT ANSWERS-grooves between adjacent gyri
fissures - CORRECT ANSWERS-deeper grooves of the cerebrum
Pathophysiology Test 1 The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and
Children (9th Edition) by Julia
Rogers |Fully covere with questions
and answers |100% highly graded A+
central nervous system (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS-consists of brain and spinal
cord, enclosed within the cranial vault and vertebrae
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS-composed of cranial nerves
and spinal nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
cranial nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the brain and pass through
foramina in the skull
spinal nerves - CORRECT ANSWERS-project from the spinal cord and pass through
intervertebral foramina of the vertebrae
afferent - CORRECT ANSWERS-pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
efferent - CORRECT ANSWERS-descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from
the CNS to effector organs
somatic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS-consist of motor and sensory
pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWERS-consists of motor and sensory
components and is involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through
involuntary control of organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
,microtubules - CORRECT ANSWERS-made of protein and believed to be involved in
transport of cellular products
neuroglial cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-found in the CNS and PNS and can provide
structural support and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve
impulses, and play a role in memory
Nissl substances - CORRECT ANSWERS-consist of ER and ribosomes and are
involved in protein synthesis
nuclei - CORRECT ANSWERS-dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
ganglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-groups of cells bodies in the PNS
dendrites - CORRECT ANSWERS-extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell
body
dendritic zone - CORRECT ANSWERS-the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a
stimulus and continues further conduction
axons - CORRECT ANSWERS-long, conductive projections from the cell body that
carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
axon hillock - CORRECT ANSWERS-the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the
axon leaves the cell body
fascicles - CORRECT ANSWERS-bundles of axons in large nerves
myelin - CORRECT ANSWERS-an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of
lipid material
endoneurium - CORRECT ANSWERS-a delicate connective tissue around each axon in
the PNS
nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWERS-interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin
sheath
saltatory conduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-process by which ions can flow between
segments rather than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased
velocity of neuronal conduction
divergence - CORRECT ANSWERS-ability of branching axons to influence many
different neurons
convergence - CORRECT ANSWERS-branches of numerous neurons converging on
and influencing one or a few nuerons
,larger - CORRECT ANSWERS-_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
unipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons have one process that branches shortly after
leaving the cell body.
pseudounipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that have one process that has its
dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the
CNS
-typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
bipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that have two distinct processes arising from
the cell body; example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
multipolar - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that are the most common and have
multiple dendrites and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
sensory - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory
receptors to the CNS
interneurons - CORRECT ANSWERS-transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are
also involved in cognitive function
motor - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to
an effector organ
neuroglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-most numerous type of CNS cell
astrocyte - CORRECT ANSWERS-a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons
and surrounds blood vessels in the CNS
oligodendrocyte - CORRECT ANSWERS-a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit
myelin within the CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
ependymal - CORRECT ANSWERS-neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in
the CNS
microglia - CORRECT ANSWERS-remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
Schwann cell - CORRECT ANSWERS-a glial cell that wraps around and covers axons
in the PNS. Forms and maintains the myelin sheath
wallerian degeneration - CORRECT ANSWERS-the sequence of events that occur
when an axon is severed
synapse - CORRECT ANSWERS-region between adjacent neurons
, presynaptic - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that relay impulses toward the synapse
postsynaptic - CORRECT ANSWERS-neurons that relay impulses away from the
synapse
action potential - CORRECT ANSWERS-An ______ _______ in the presynaptic neuron
causes the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters through the plasma
membrane into the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWERS-A ________ is normally stored on one side of
a synaptic cleft, and its receptors are on the other side
cannabinoid - CORRECT ANSWERS-transmitters that are released from postsynaptic
neurons that modulate neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neurons
summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the number and frequency of potentials the
postsynaptic neuron receives
temporal summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the effects of successive, rapid impulses
received from a single neuron on the same synapse
spatial summation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the combined effects of impulses from a
number of neurons on a single synapse at the same time
facilitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the effect of excitatory postsynaptic potentials on
the plasma membrane potential
brainstem - CORRECT ANSWERS-made up of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and
the pons
reticular formation - CORRECT ANSWERS-a large network of connective tissue nuclei
within the brainstem that regulate vital reflexes. Essential for maintaining wakefulness
reticular activating system - CORRECT ANSWERS-reticular formation + cerebral cortex
plasticity - CORRECT ANSWERS-a principle of the CNS meaning that it is capable of
change. the ability of the CNS to do this decreases with age
gyri - CORRECT ANSWERS-numerous convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum
sulci - CORRECT ANSWERS-grooves between adjacent gyri
fissures - CORRECT ANSWERS-deeper grooves of the cerebrum
