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NSG 3850 EXAM 3 2026 COMPLETE (105) CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES.
NSG 3850
Prepare for the NSG 3850 Exam 3 with this comprehensive practice resource designed
to strengthen your nursing knowledge and exam readiness. It features exam-style
questions covering key nursing concepts, patient assessment, clinical decision-
making, pharmacology, safety, and evidence-based nursing care. Use it to reinforce
essential concepts, assess your understanding, and build confidence before test day.
An excellent study aid for nursing students preparing for the NSG 3850 Exam 3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Question 1: The finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of:
A. Cystitis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: White blood cell casts indicate inflammation or infection
within the kidney itself, which is characteristic of pyelonephritis. RBC
casts are more indicative of glomerulonephritis .
Question 2: The finding of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of:
A. Cystitis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct answer: B. Glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Red blood cell casts indicate bleeding originating from the
glomerulus, which is a hallmark of glomerulonephritis. This finding
distinguishes glomerular damage from lower urinary tract bleeding .
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Question 3: Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Kidney trauma
C. Pregnancy
D. Elderly age
Correct answer: B. Kidney trauma
Rationale: Risk factors for pyelonephritis include pregnancy, diabetes
mellitus, anatomic abnormalities, urinary stasis, and
immunosuppression. Kidney trauma is not a typical risk factor for
pyelonephritis .
Question 4: Prerenal kidney injury, regardless of the specific cause, has a
single common etiologic factor, which is:
A. Increased renal perfusion
B. Decreased kidney perfusion
C. Urinary tract obstruction
D. Direct nephrotoxic damage
Correct answer: B. Decreased kidney perfusion
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by conditions that reduce blood flow to
the kidneys, such as hypovolemia, hypotension, or heart failure. The
common factor is decreased renal perfusion .
Question 5: All of the following could produce prerenal kidney injury EXCEPT:
A. Severe dehydration
B. Heart failure
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Hemorrhage
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney and is classified as
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intrarenal (intrinsic) injury, not prerenal. Prerenal causes include severe
dehydration, heart failure, and hemorrhage .
Question 6: Kidney injury produces all of the following characteristic
alterations in laboratory values EXCEPT:
A. Increased creatinine levels
B. Increased potassium levels
C. Increased phosphorus levels
D. Increased calcium levels
Correct answer: D. Increased calcium levels
Rationale: In kidney injury, creatinine, potassium, and phosphorus levels
increase due to decreased excretion. Calcium levels typically decrease in
CKD due to impaired vitamin D activation .
Question 7: Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing
prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. An elderly patient with chronic hypertension
B. A young woman with a urinary tract infection
C. A young man with significant post-surgical hemorrhage
D. A patient with diabetes and polyuria
Correct answer: C. A young man with significant post-surgical
hemorrhage
Rationale: Significant hemorrhage leads to hypovolemia and decreased
renal perfusion, which is the hallmark of prerenal AKI. The acute and
severe nature of the blood loss makes this the highest risk .
Question 8: The cause of death of most patients with chronic kidney disease
is:
A. Infection
B. Uremic encephalopathy
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C. Cardiovascular disease
D. Gastrointestinal bleeding
Correct answer: C. Cardiovascular disease
Rationale: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in
patients with CKD due to the high prevalence of hypertension,
dyslipidemia, and accelerated atherosclerosis .
Question 9: Cystitis is defined as:
A. An infection of the kidney
B. An inflammation of the bladder lining
C. An inflammation of the urethra
D. A genetic disorder causing kidney cysts
Correct answer: B. An inflammation of the bladder lining
Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, most commonly
caused by infection. Pyelonephritis is infection of the kidney, and
urethritis is inflammation of the urethra .
Question 10: Risk factors for the development of cystitis include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Female gender
B. Acidic urine
C. Urinary stasis
D. Poor hygiene
Correct answer: B. Acidic urine
Rationale: Alkaline urine promotes bacterial growth, while acidic urine
helps prevent bacterial growth. Female gender, urinary stasis, and poor
hygiene are all risk factors for cystitis .
Question 11: The most common cause of cystitis is:
A. Streptococcus
B. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
NSG 3850 EXAM 3 2026 COMPLETE (105) CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES.
NSG 3850
Prepare for the NSG 3850 Exam 3 with this comprehensive practice resource designed
to strengthen your nursing knowledge and exam readiness. It features exam-style
questions covering key nursing concepts, patient assessment, clinical decision-
making, pharmacology, safety, and evidence-based nursing care. Use it to reinforce
essential concepts, assess your understanding, and build confidence before test day.
An excellent study aid for nursing students preparing for the NSG 3850 Exam 3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Question 1: The finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of:
A. Cystitis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: White blood cell casts indicate inflammation or infection
within the kidney itself, which is characteristic of pyelonephritis. RBC
casts are more indicative of glomerulonephritis .
Question 2: The finding of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of:
A. Cystitis
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Correct answer: B. Glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Red blood cell casts indicate bleeding originating from the
glomerulus, which is a hallmark of glomerulonephritis. This finding
distinguishes glomerular damage from lower urinary tract bleeding .
, Page 2 of 36
Question 3: Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Kidney trauma
C. Pregnancy
D. Elderly age
Correct answer: B. Kidney trauma
Rationale: Risk factors for pyelonephritis include pregnancy, diabetes
mellitus, anatomic abnormalities, urinary stasis, and
immunosuppression. Kidney trauma is not a typical risk factor for
pyelonephritis .
Question 4: Prerenal kidney injury, regardless of the specific cause, has a
single common etiologic factor, which is:
A. Increased renal perfusion
B. Decreased kidney perfusion
C. Urinary tract obstruction
D. Direct nephrotoxic damage
Correct answer: B. Decreased kidney perfusion
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by conditions that reduce blood flow to
the kidneys, such as hypovolemia, hypotension, or heart failure. The
common factor is decreased renal perfusion .
Question 5: All of the following could produce prerenal kidney injury EXCEPT:
A. Severe dehydration
B. Heart failure
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Hemorrhage
Correct answer: C. Pyelonephritis
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney and is classified as
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intrarenal (intrinsic) injury, not prerenal. Prerenal causes include severe
dehydration, heart failure, and hemorrhage .
Question 6: Kidney injury produces all of the following characteristic
alterations in laboratory values EXCEPT:
A. Increased creatinine levels
B. Increased potassium levels
C. Increased phosphorus levels
D. Increased calcium levels
Correct answer: D. Increased calcium levels
Rationale: In kidney injury, creatinine, potassium, and phosphorus levels
increase due to decreased excretion. Calcium levels typically decrease in
CKD due to impaired vitamin D activation .
Question 7: Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing
prerenal acute kidney injury?
A. An elderly patient with chronic hypertension
B. A young woman with a urinary tract infection
C. A young man with significant post-surgical hemorrhage
D. A patient with diabetes and polyuria
Correct answer: C. A young man with significant post-surgical
hemorrhage
Rationale: Significant hemorrhage leads to hypovolemia and decreased
renal perfusion, which is the hallmark of prerenal AKI. The acute and
severe nature of the blood loss makes this the highest risk .
Question 8: The cause of death of most patients with chronic kidney disease
is:
A. Infection
B. Uremic encephalopathy
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C. Cardiovascular disease
D. Gastrointestinal bleeding
Correct answer: C. Cardiovascular disease
Rationale: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in
patients with CKD due to the high prevalence of hypertension,
dyslipidemia, and accelerated atherosclerosis .
Question 9: Cystitis is defined as:
A. An infection of the kidney
B. An inflammation of the bladder lining
C. An inflammation of the urethra
D. A genetic disorder causing kidney cysts
Correct answer: B. An inflammation of the bladder lining
Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, most commonly
caused by infection. Pyelonephritis is infection of the kidney, and
urethritis is inflammation of the urethra .
Question 10: Risk factors for the development of cystitis include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Female gender
B. Acidic urine
C. Urinary stasis
D. Poor hygiene
Correct answer: B. Acidic urine
Rationale: Alkaline urine promotes bacterial growth, while acidic urine
helps prevent bacterial growth. Female gender, urinary stasis, and poor
hygiene are all risk factors for cystitis .
Question 11: The most common cause of cystitis is:
A. Streptococcus
B. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
