Biology 101
General Biology — Complete Study Guide
Final Review — All 15 Chapters
Independent Study Resource
Based on OpenStax Biology 2e (CC BY 4.0)
Licensed CC BY 4.0 — commercially sellable
Edition 2026
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,Table of Contents
1. The Study of Life and Scientific Inquiry
2. The Chemical Foundation of Life
3. Biological Macromolecules
4. Cell Structure and Function
5. Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling
6. Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
7. Photosynthesis
8. Cell Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis
9. DNA Structure, Replication, and Gene Expression
10. Mendelian and Modern Genetics
11. Evolution and Natural Selection
12. The Diversity of Life
13. Ecology and Ecosystems
14. Population and Community Ecology
15. Integration and Final Review
16. Glossary of Key Terms
17. Final Exam Strategy and Study Checklist
18. References and Attribution
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, Chapter 1 — The Study of Life and Scientific
Inquiry
Learning Objectives
1. Define biology and describe the properties of life.
2. Explain the levels of biological organization.
3. Apply the scientific method and distinguish hypotheses from theories.
4. Describe the importance of evolution as biology's unifying theme.
Key Definitions
Term Definition
Biology The scientific study of life.
Homeostasis The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Hypothesis A testable, falsifiable proposed explanation.
Theory A well-supported explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
Evolution Change in the genetic makeup of populations over time.
1.1 Properties of Life
Order and organization
Metabolism and energy use
Growth and development
Response to stimuli
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Evolutionary adaptation
1.2 Levels of Biological Organization
Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System →
Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere.
Explore our developer-friendly HTML to PDF API Printed using PDFCrowd HTML to PDF
General Biology — Complete Study Guide
Final Review — All 15 Chapters
Independent Study Resource
Based on OpenStax Biology 2e (CC BY 4.0)
Licensed CC BY 4.0 — commercially sellable
Edition 2026
Explore our developer-friendly HTML to PDF API Printed using PDFCrowd HTML to PDF
,Table of Contents
1. The Study of Life and Scientific Inquiry
2. The Chemical Foundation of Life
3. Biological Macromolecules
4. Cell Structure and Function
5. Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling
6. Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
7. Photosynthesis
8. Cell Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis
9. DNA Structure, Replication, and Gene Expression
10. Mendelian and Modern Genetics
11. Evolution and Natural Selection
12. The Diversity of Life
13. Ecology and Ecosystems
14. Population and Community Ecology
15. Integration and Final Review
16. Glossary of Key Terms
17. Final Exam Strategy and Study Checklist
18. References and Attribution
Explore our developer-friendly HTML to PDF API Printed using PDFCrowd HTML to PDF
, Chapter 1 — The Study of Life and Scientific
Inquiry
Learning Objectives
1. Define biology and describe the properties of life.
2. Explain the levels of biological organization.
3. Apply the scientific method and distinguish hypotheses from theories.
4. Describe the importance of evolution as biology's unifying theme.
Key Definitions
Term Definition
Biology The scientific study of life.
Homeostasis The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Hypothesis A testable, falsifiable proposed explanation.
Theory A well-supported explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
Evolution Change in the genetic makeup of populations over time.
1.1 Properties of Life
Order and organization
Metabolism and energy use
Growth and development
Response to stimuli
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Evolutionary adaptation
1.2 Levels of Biological Organization
Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System →
Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere.
Explore our developer-friendly HTML to PDF API Printed using PDFCrowd HTML to PDF
