,tjtj
, Test Bank ht
to accompany
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AnimalBehavior,Twelfth Edition tj tj tj
JohnAlcock,LindaGreen,PaulNolan,StefanieSiller,andDustin Rubenstein tj ht
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior t j t j t j t j t j t j
Multiple Choice Questions tj tj
1. “If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa ts, the
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n the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.” This statement
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a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution of ada
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ptations by natural selection. tj tj tj
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live to rep
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roduce than females with reddish throats.
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c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for the lon
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g-term preservation of this species.tj tj tj tj
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal es out
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number orangish females in this species. tj tj tj tj tj
Answer: b tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro ug h n
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atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
2. The statement “Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th ey inh
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erited this ability from a lemming-
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like ancestor in the past” is a hypothesis about
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a. evolved function. tj
b. genetics and development. tj tj
c. evolutionary history. tj
d. adaptivevalue.
Answer: c tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p rov ide a
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n integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution ary his tory of a
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behavior.
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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
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enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
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a. can be proven. tj tj
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
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c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
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d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
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y. Answer: b
tj tj
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypoth
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es e s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs a
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nd benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
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Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu st con
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tain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
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a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
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b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
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c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. tj tj tj tj tj
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes to t heir
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offspring.
Answer: d tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro u gh n
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atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
t j t j t j tj tj t j tj t j t j tj
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
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n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel e ctive
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breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards ha s not ch
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anged. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
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a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h as r emai
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ned unchanged. tj
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h as i ncre
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ased.
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n ot cau
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sed by genetic differences among them.
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d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni ng spe
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ed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
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Answer: c tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro u gh n
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atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
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Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying tj tj tj
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H ere are t
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wo questions about this observation:
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X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
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?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
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it
n this way?
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Which of the two is a proximate question? tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
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b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t he ani
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mal
, Test Bank ht
to accompany
tj
AnimalBehavior,Twelfth Edition tj tj tj
JohnAlcock,LindaGreen,PaulNolan,StefanieSiller,andDustin Rubenstein tj ht
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior t j t j t j t j t j t j
Multiple Choice Questions tj tj
1. “If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa ts, the
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
n the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.” This statement
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a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution of ada
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ptations by natural selection. tj tj tj
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live to rep
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj ht tj tj tj tj ht tj tj
roduce than females with reddish throats.
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c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for the lon
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj t j tj
g-term preservation of this species.tj tj tj tj
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal es out
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number orangish females in this species. tj tj tj tj tj
Answer: b tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro ug h n
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atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
t j t j t j tj tj t j tj t j t j tj
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
2. The statement “Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th ey inh
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
erited this ability from a lemming-
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like ancestor in the past” is a hypothesis about
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a. evolved function. tj
b. genetics and development. tj tj
c. evolutionary history. tj
d. adaptivevalue.
Answer: c tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p rov ide a
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n integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution ary his tory of a
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
behavior.
tj
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
tj tj tj tj tj ht tj tj tj
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
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a. can be proven. tj tj
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
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c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
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d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
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y. Answer: b
tj tj
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypoth
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es e s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs a
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj 5t j t j tj
nd benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
tj tj tj t j tj tj tj tj tj t j
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu st con
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
tain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
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a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
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b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
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c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. tj tj tj tj tj
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes to t heir
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offspring.
Answer: d tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro u gh n
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj t j
atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
t j t j t j tj tj t j tj t j t j tj
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding tj tj tj
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
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n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel e ctive
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj t j tj
breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards ha s not ch
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anged. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
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a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h as r emai
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
ned unchanged. tj
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h as i ncre
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj ht tj tj
ased.
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n ot cau
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sed by genetic differences among them.
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d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni ng spe
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ed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
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Answer: c tj
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro u gh n
tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj tj t j
atural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
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Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying tj tj tj
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H ere are t
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wo questions about this observation:
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X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
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?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
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it
n this way?
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Which of the two is a proximate question? tj tj tj tj tj tj tj
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
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b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t he ani
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mal
