Analytical Methods,
Techniques & Exam Study
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Branch of chemistry that deals with the separation, identification and
composition of matter
Gravimetric Method Measurement of mass of substance that is chemically related to the analyte
Volumetric Method Measures the volume of solution necessary to read completely with the
analyte.
Spectroscopic Method Measures the electromagnetic radiation produced by the analyte or its
interactions with it.
Electroanalytic Method Measures the electrical properties of the analyte such as current, potential,
resistance, and amount of charge
Kjeldahl Method Determination of Organic Nitrogen (Amines, Amides, Nitriles and Nitro Group:
%N or %Protein
Double Indicator Method To determine the composition of a soda ash sample. Two indicators (one
alkaline range one acidic) Example: Phenolphthalein endpoint (Na2CO3 and
NaOH) and methyl red endpoint (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3)
Argentometric titration Titration with Silver Nitrate AgNO3
Mohr Method Direct method for halides and cyanides; Titration is carried out between pH of
7-10. Usually, a low concentration of chromate is desired to detect the end
point clearly since a chromate ion imparts an intense yellow color.
Volhard Method For the formation of a colored complexion; Direct method for silver; Indirect
method for halides; Titration is carried out in acidic condition to hasten
precipitation of ferric ion to its hydrated oxide form.
Fajan's Method For the formation of a colored adsorption complex; same as Mohr's but uses
DCF dichlorofluorescein; between pH 4-7, dextrin is added to prevent
excessive coagulation of the AgCl precipitate.
Liebig Method Determination of Cyanide, carried by the dropwise addition of AgNO3 in a
solution of a cyanide forming a soluble cyanide complex of silver