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PESTICIDE USE, SAFETY
Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
V—INSECT CONTROL
Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees 72
Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning to Honey Bees 73
Insect Control in Field Corn 74
Insect Control in Grain Sorghum 78
Insect Control in Small Grains 80
Insect Control on Cotton 81
Cotton Insect Resistance Management 85
Insect Control on Peanuts 87
Insect Control in Soybeans 89
Insect Control on Flue-Cured and Burley Tobacco 92
Insect Control for Commercial Vegetables 101
Relative Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides for Insect and
Mite Control on Vegetables 138
Preharvest Intervals for Pyrethroid Insecticides in Vegetable Crops 140
Insect Control for Greenhouse Vegetables 141
Insect Control for Livestock and Poultry 144
Community Pest Control 151
Industrial and Household Pests 155
Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Greenhouses 158
Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Nurseries or Landscapes 163
Arthropod Control on Christmas Trees 169
Commercial Turf Insect Control 174
Insect Control for Wood and Wood Products 179
Insect Control for the Home Vegetable Garden 183
Control of Household Pests 187
Insect Control for Home Lawns 195
Insect Management in Industrial Hemp 197
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Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees
David R. Tarpy, Professor and Extension Apiculturist
Most pesticides are at least somewhat toxic to honey bees and other pollinators, although the degree of toxicity varies considerably from
product to product. Insecticides are generally the most likely to cause a bee kill; herbicides, fungicides, and defoliants present relatively
minor danger to bees if used according to label directions. Check the pesticide label for the relative toxicity of the active ingredient to
bees and other pollinators (Table 5-1A) and apply with caution around beehives or when pollinators are actively foraging.
Table 5-1A. Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees
Label Information Highly Toxic Moderately Toxic Relatively Non-toxic
LD50 Less than 2 micrograms per bee Between 2 and 11 micrograms per Above 11 micrograms per bee
bee
Precautionary statement. This product is highly toxic to This product is toxic to bees No statement required.
bees exposed to direct treatment exposed to direct treatment or
or residues on blooming crops or residues on blooming crops or
weeds. Do not apply this product weeds. Do not apply this product if
or allow it to drift to blooming crops bees are visiting the treatment area.
or weeds if bees are visiting the
treatment area.
Table 5-1B. Pesticide Use Inside and Around Honey Beehives
Precautions and Remarks (Always follow product label directions for
Pests Chemical (Brand) Formulation handling, product application, and disposal)
Tracheal Mite menthol (Mite-A-Thol) Crystalline granules Both products generate vapors that kill tracheal mites. Apply onto inner cover/
top super according to label directions. Best if used when ambient temperatures
formic acid (Mite-Away)
Various delivery methods are above 70ºF for menthol and 50ºF for formic acid. Use gloves when handling
crystals or gel packets.
Varroa Mite tau-fluvalinate (Apistan) Plastic strip; pesticide- Strips contain contact poison to kill mites. Use protective gloves when handling
impregnated strips. Hang strips in brood-chamber according to label directions. Caution should
be used, as mites have evolved a resistance to this particular chemical, and it
may not be effective in many instances.
formic acid (Mite-Away) Various delivery methods Product generates vapors to kill mites. Kills mites in sealed brood cells. Treat
colonies according to label directions.
coumaphos (CheckMite+) Plastic strip; pesticide- For varroa mites, product should be used only when fluvalinate-resistance has
impregnated been confirmed by NCDA Bee Inspectors. Caution should be exercised, as mites
have evolved a resistance to this particular chemical and may not be effective in
many instances.
amitraz (Apivar) Plastic strip; pesticide- Strips contain active ingredient to kill mites upon contact. Use protective gloves
impregnated when handling strips.
thymol (ApiLife VAR or Pesticide-impregnated Essential oils volatilize to kill mites outside of brood cells.
Apiguard) vermiculite tablets or gel
oxalic acid (API-Bioxal) Various delivery methods Use ONLY during broodless periods. Spray all adult bees with fine mist (must
be completely wetted to kill mites) or use a vaporizer with appropriate protective
clothing.
Small Hive coumaphos (CheckMite+) Plastic strip; pesticide- Use protective gloves when handling strips. Attach to cardboard or other material
Beetle (adults) impregnated as specified on label direction and place strip-side down on bottom board to
kill adult beetles. Application for varroa mites (see above) is not simultaneously
effective for SHB.
(pupae) permethrin (GardStar) Liquid; mix with water For ground treatment around hive(s) only. Kills larvae/pupae during soil-inhabiting
phase of beetle life cycle. Mix and apply to soil according to label directions.
Wax Moth paradichlorobenzene Crystalline granules Use to prevent infestation of stored hive equipment (drawn-comb) only. Do
(Para-Moth) not use in hives containing honey bees. Use protective gloves when handling
crystals. Store product in sealed container when not in use.
Always follow label directions, which require the removal of honey from beehives prior to most pesticide treatments.
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PESTICIDE USE, SAFETY
Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning to Honey Bees
Precautions for the Pesticide Applicator
1. Always read and follow any warning statements regarding honey bees on the pesticide label.
2. If more than one product gives good control of the target pest, select a pesticide from the moderately toxic or relatively non
toxic groups instead of the highly toxic group from Table 5-1A.
3. Avoid applying any bee-toxic pesticides on blooming plants that attract bees. Keep pesticide drift from nearby blooming weeds
that are attracting bees.
4. Time of pesticide application is very important. Apply pesticides that are toxic to bees in the late afternoon (after 3 p.m.) or in
the evening if at all possible. Most honey bees have stopped foraging and have returned to their hives by 3 p.m. This allows
maximum time for the active ingredient to break down before the bees come into contact with it the next day.
5. Select the safest formulation of the pesticide that is available for the intended use. “Drifting” of the pesticide from the target pest
or crop to areas frequented by bees should be minimized and formulation selection is the key to this problem.
a. “Dusts” almost always drift more than other pesticide formulations and are generally more dangerous to bees than are
sprays or granular applications.
b. Spray formulations are usually safer to bees than dusts, but there are differences among the spray formulation types.
Generally, water-soluble formulations are safer than are emulsifiable-formulations, and fine sprays are less dangerous
than are coarse sprays. Sprays of undiluted technical pesticide (ULV) may be more dangerous than diluted sprays.
c. Granular applications generally are the least likely to drift and accidentally kill bees. Consider a granular
formulation if it is suitable for controlling the target pest.
6. The mode of pesticide application is also important, particularly from a drifting standpoint. Aerial applications are generally
more dangerous than applications by ground equipment. If a pesticide application is being made by air, it is the contractor’s
responsibility to notify any beekeepers that have registered apiaries (one or more hives of bees) within 1/2 mile of the area to
be aerially sprayed. These regulations are defined in the NC Pesticide Laws, and the person responsible for the notification is
the person who contracts for the aerial application.
7. Never apply any pesticide directly over a beehive. The NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services provides a
voluntary program (DriftWatch) where you can check for apiaries near your location: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest
-control-and-pesticides/pesticide/pollinators/driftwatch
8. Notify beekeepers who have beehives near an area to be treated with a pesticide so that they may attempt to protect their
bees.
9. Follow proper precautions in disposing of unused pesticides and pesticide containers. Be particularly careful not to contaminate
water with pesticides, as the water may be collected by bees and result in bee kills.
Precautions for the Beekeeper
1. If your bees are located in any area where pesticides are commonly used, then identify yourself as a beekeeper to your
neighbors who may use pesticides. The NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services provides a voluntary program
(DriftWatch) where you can map your apiary location: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest-control-and-pesticides/pesticide
/pollinators/driftwatch
2. Identify your apiaries with your name and address or telephone number if the apiary is not associated with your residence so
that you may be notified if pesticides are to be used by a neighboring individual.
3. Explain the importance of your bees in the pollination of crops being grown on nearby fields to those growers so that they may
consider the value of the bees in pollination before applying any pesticides that may kill the pollinating insects.
4. Be aware of the precautions that apply to the pesticide applicator (above) so that you can serve as a resource in providing
solutions to reducing bee kills.
5. Do not place apiaries in areas used to grow crops that require heavy and frequent usage of pesticides.
6. Register your apiary locations with the NC Department of Agriculture if aerial applications of pesticides are used in your apiary
locations.
7. As a very last resort, move your beehives, if possible, when bee-toxic pesticides are being applied near your apiary. Covering
the hives (for instance, with wet burlap) is usually not possible for large apiaries and can cause bees to overheat or suffocate.
Additional resources
NC State Extension – Pesticide Stewardship: pesticidestewardship.org/pollinator-protection
NC Department of Agriculture – Protecting NC Pollinators: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest-control-and-pesticides/pesticide/pollinators/pollinator-protection-strategy
Reducing pesticide poisoning in bees (OSU): extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-591-how-reduce-bee-poisoning-pesticides
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Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Insect Control in Field Corn
D. D. Reisig and A.S. Huseth, Entomology and Plant Pathology
Table 5-2. Insect Control in Field Corn
Per Acre Preharvest
Insecticide, Mode of Action Interval
Insect Code, and Formulation Amount Active (lb) Acres/gal (PHI) (Days) Precautions and Remarks
Annual White Grub bifenthrin, MOA 3 3.4 to 13.6 oz 0.047 to 0.062 38 to 9.4 30 Provides control alone, without addition of
— At Planting Seed (Capture) LFR seed treatment
Treatments/In Furrow clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.25 mg per kernel 0.5 and 1.25 mg per kernel rate can provide
(Poncho) 600 FS improved control under high pest pressure or
slow grow off conditions.
thiamethoxam, MOA 4A + 0.25 mg The amount of chlorantraniliprole per seed
chlorantraniliprole, MOA 28 thiamethoxam can be increased to 0.5 or 1.25 mg per seed.
(Lumivia) 5 FS + 0.25 mg Additional chlorantraniliprole will provide a
chlorantraniliprole marginal improvement over the base rate
per kernel of 0.25 mg chlorantraniliprole + 0.25 mg
thiamethoxam. Lowest use rates should be
adequate in most situations.
Billbug — At Planting clothianidin, MOA 4A 1.25 mg per kernel Must be special-ordered from a seed dealer.
Seed Treatments (Poncho) 600 FS In most situations, these products will provide
clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.5 mg clothianidin adequate control. Corn planted near previous
(Poncho) 600 FS + per kernel + 8 year’s corn, corn planted mid-April, and corn
terbufos, MOA 1B oz/1,000 ft of row near good overwintering habitats are most at
(Counter) 15G terbufos risk. In these situations, these products will not
thiamethoxam, MOA 4A 1.25 mg per kernel provide adequate control.
(Cruiser) 5 FS
Control with clothianidin has been decreasing
over time. Clothianidin + terbufos is the
superior treatment. Not advisable to use more
than 0.5 mg clothianidin per kernel when
applied with terbufos to avoid seedling injury.
Brown Stink Bug- clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.5 to 1.25 mg per Brown stink bug is labeled by the
At Planting Seed (Poncho) 600 FS kernel manufacturer for control up to the 0.5 mg
Treatment per kernel. However, NC State efficacy data
indicates that clothianidin reduces stink bug
injury at the 1.25 mg per kernel; this rate is
permitted in NC under FIFRA 2(ee).
Brown Stink Bug beta-cyfluthrin, MOA 3 2.8 fl oz 0.022 45.7 21 Management recommendations and
(Baythroid XL) 1.0 EC thresholds can be found at:
bifenthrin, MOA 3 6.4 fl oz 0.10 20 30
(Brigade, Discipline, Sniper, and corn.ces.ncsu.edu/stink-bug-management
others) 2 EC -in-corn
bifenthrin, MOA 3 + zeta 10.3 fl oz 0.1 12.4 60 (forage)
cypermethrin, 30 (grain and Seedling injury mainly occurs in no-till
MOA 3 (Hero) 1.24 EC stover) situations. On larger plants, apply to stages
just prior to tasseling. On tall corn, use ground
bifenthrin, MOA 3 + zeta 4.7 fl oz 0.055 27.2 60 (forage) application only at 15+ gallons spray volume
cypermethrin, 30 (grain and per acre. If applied by air, work with applicator
MOA 3 (Steed) 1.5 EC stover) to ensure adequate coverage in the zone
where the ear is forming. Results may be
poor to mediocre depending on application.
Insecticides can be effective up to, or less
than, one week after application. Bifenthrin
is the superior pyrethroid (MOA 3), but all
pyrethroids listed and MOA 1B are effective.
cyfluthrin, MOA 3 2.8 fl oz 0.044 45.7 21
(Tombstone) 1.0 EC
lambda-cyhalothrin, MOA 3 3.84 fl oz 0.03 33.3 21
(Lambda-cyhalothrin, Silencer)
1.0 EC
lambda-cyhalothrin, MOA 3 1.92 fl oz 0.03 66.7 21
(Warrior II) 2.08 CS
zeta-cypermethrin, MOA 3 4.0 fl oz 0.025 32 30
(Mustang Maxx) 0.8 EC
zeta-cypermethrin, MOA 3 + 10.3 fl oz 0.033 + 0.066 12.4 30
bifenthrin,
MOA 3 (Hero) 1.24 EC
Corn Leaf Aphid pyrethroids, MOA 3 and pyrethroid (see brown stink
combinations bug above for
rates)
Corn Earworm — In Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) This is transgenic corn seed. Plants will
Whorl transgenic corn, MOA 11A express Bt endotoxin. Observe the refuge
(Agrisure, Viptera, Optimum specifications on the label. Corn earworm is
Leptra, and Trecepta) not a yield-limiting pest in timely planted corn.
Treating corn earworm with a foliar insecticide
in field corn is ineffective for control.
chlorantraniliprole, MOA 28 1.2 to 1.7 oz 0.047 to 0.067 9.1 to 6.4 14
(Vantacor) 5 SC
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PESTICIDE USE, SAFETY
Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
V—INSECT CONTROL
Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees 72
Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning to Honey Bees 73
Insect Control in Field Corn 74
Insect Control in Grain Sorghum 78
Insect Control in Small Grains 80
Insect Control on Cotton 81
Cotton Insect Resistance Management 85
Insect Control on Peanuts 87
Insect Control in Soybeans 89
Insect Control on Flue-Cured and Burley Tobacco 92
Insect Control for Commercial Vegetables 101
Relative Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides for Insect and
Mite Control on Vegetables 138
Preharvest Intervals for Pyrethroid Insecticides in Vegetable Crops 140
Insect Control for Greenhouse Vegetables 141
Insect Control for Livestock and Poultry 144
Community Pest Control 151
Industrial and Household Pests 155
Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Greenhouses 158
Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Nurseries or Landscapes 163
Arthropod Control on Christmas Trees 169
Commercial Turf Insect Control 174
Insect Control for Wood and Wood Products 179
Insect Control for the Home Vegetable Garden 183
Control of Household Pests 187
Insect Control for Home Lawns 195
Insect Management in Industrial Hemp 197
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Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees
David R. Tarpy, Professor and Extension Apiculturist
Most pesticides are at least somewhat toxic to honey bees and other pollinators, although the degree of toxicity varies considerably from
product to product. Insecticides are generally the most likely to cause a bee kill; herbicides, fungicides, and defoliants present relatively
minor danger to bees if used according to label directions. Check the pesticide label for the relative toxicity of the active ingredient to
bees and other pollinators (Table 5-1A) and apply with caution around beehives or when pollinators are actively foraging.
Table 5-1A. Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees
Label Information Highly Toxic Moderately Toxic Relatively Non-toxic
LD50 Less than 2 micrograms per bee Between 2 and 11 micrograms per Above 11 micrograms per bee
bee
Precautionary statement. This product is highly toxic to This product is toxic to bees No statement required.
bees exposed to direct treatment exposed to direct treatment or
or residues on blooming crops or residues on blooming crops or
weeds. Do not apply this product weeds. Do not apply this product if
or allow it to drift to blooming crops bees are visiting the treatment area.
or weeds if bees are visiting the
treatment area.
Table 5-1B. Pesticide Use Inside and Around Honey Beehives
Precautions and Remarks (Always follow product label directions for
Pests Chemical (Brand) Formulation handling, product application, and disposal)
Tracheal Mite menthol (Mite-A-Thol) Crystalline granules Both products generate vapors that kill tracheal mites. Apply onto inner cover/
top super according to label directions. Best if used when ambient temperatures
formic acid (Mite-Away)
Various delivery methods are above 70ºF for menthol and 50ºF for formic acid. Use gloves when handling
crystals or gel packets.
Varroa Mite tau-fluvalinate (Apistan) Plastic strip; pesticide- Strips contain contact poison to kill mites. Use protective gloves when handling
impregnated strips. Hang strips in brood-chamber according to label directions. Caution should
be used, as mites have evolved a resistance to this particular chemical, and it
may not be effective in many instances.
formic acid (Mite-Away) Various delivery methods Product generates vapors to kill mites. Kills mites in sealed brood cells. Treat
colonies according to label directions.
coumaphos (CheckMite+) Plastic strip; pesticide- For varroa mites, product should be used only when fluvalinate-resistance has
impregnated been confirmed by NCDA Bee Inspectors. Caution should be exercised, as mites
have evolved a resistance to this particular chemical and may not be effective in
many instances.
amitraz (Apivar) Plastic strip; pesticide- Strips contain active ingredient to kill mites upon contact. Use protective gloves
impregnated when handling strips.
thymol (ApiLife VAR or Pesticide-impregnated Essential oils volatilize to kill mites outside of brood cells.
Apiguard) vermiculite tablets or gel
oxalic acid (API-Bioxal) Various delivery methods Use ONLY during broodless periods. Spray all adult bees with fine mist (must
be completely wetted to kill mites) or use a vaporizer with appropriate protective
clothing.
Small Hive coumaphos (CheckMite+) Plastic strip; pesticide- Use protective gloves when handling strips. Attach to cardboard or other material
Beetle (adults) impregnated as specified on label direction and place strip-side down on bottom board to
kill adult beetles. Application for varroa mites (see above) is not simultaneously
effective for SHB.
(pupae) permethrin (GardStar) Liquid; mix with water For ground treatment around hive(s) only. Kills larvae/pupae during soil-inhabiting
phase of beetle life cycle. Mix and apply to soil according to label directions.
Wax Moth paradichlorobenzene Crystalline granules Use to prevent infestation of stored hive equipment (drawn-comb) only. Do
(Para-Moth) not use in hives containing honey bees. Use protective gloves when handling
crystals. Store product in sealed container when not in use.
Always follow label directions, which require the removal of honey from beehives prior to most pesticide treatments.
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PESTICIDE USE, SAFETY
Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning to Honey Bees
Precautions for the Pesticide Applicator
1. Always read and follow any warning statements regarding honey bees on the pesticide label.
2. If more than one product gives good control of the target pest, select a pesticide from the moderately toxic or relatively non
toxic groups instead of the highly toxic group from Table 5-1A.
3. Avoid applying any bee-toxic pesticides on blooming plants that attract bees. Keep pesticide drift from nearby blooming weeds
that are attracting bees.
4. Time of pesticide application is very important. Apply pesticides that are toxic to bees in the late afternoon (after 3 p.m.) or in
the evening if at all possible. Most honey bees have stopped foraging and have returned to their hives by 3 p.m. This allows
maximum time for the active ingredient to break down before the bees come into contact with it the next day.
5. Select the safest formulation of the pesticide that is available for the intended use. “Drifting” of the pesticide from the target pest
or crop to areas frequented by bees should be minimized and formulation selection is the key to this problem.
a. “Dusts” almost always drift more than other pesticide formulations and are generally more dangerous to bees than are
sprays or granular applications.
b. Spray formulations are usually safer to bees than dusts, but there are differences among the spray formulation types.
Generally, water-soluble formulations are safer than are emulsifiable-formulations, and fine sprays are less dangerous
than are coarse sprays. Sprays of undiluted technical pesticide (ULV) may be more dangerous than diluted sprays.
c. Granular applications generally are the least likely to drift and accidentally kill bees. Consider a granular
formulation if it is suitable for controlling the target pest.
6. The mode of pesticide application is also important, particularly from a drifting standpoint. Aerial applications are generally
more dangerous than applications by ground equipment. If a pesticide application is being made by air, it is the contractor’s
responsibility to notify any beekeepers that have registered apiaries (one or more hives of bees) within 1/2 mile of the area to
be aerially sprayed. These regulations are defined in the NC Pesticide Laws, and the person responsible for the notification is
the person who contracts for the aerial application.
7. Never apply any pesticide directly over a beehive. The NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services provides a
voluntary program (DriftWatch) where you can check for apiaries near your location: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest
-control-and-pesticides/pesticide/pollinators/driftwatch
8. Notify beekeepers who have beehives near an area to be treated with a pesticide so that they may attempt to protect their
bees.
9. Follow proper precautions in disposing of unused pesticides and pesticide containers. Be particularly careful not to contaminate
water with pesticides, as the water may be collected by bees and result in bee kills.
Precautions for the Beekeeper
1. If your bees are located in any area where pesticides are commonly used, then identify yourself as a beekeeper to your
neighbors who may use pesticides. The NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services provides a voluntary program
(DriftWatch) where you can map your apiary location: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest-control-and-pesticides/pesticide
/pollinators/driftwatch
2. Identify your apiaries with your name and address or telephone number if the apiary is not associated with your residence so
that you may be notified if pesticides are to be used by a neighboring individual.
3. Explain the importance of your bees in the pollination of crops being grown on nearby fields to those growers so that they may
consider the value of the bees in pollination before applying any pesticides that may kill the pollinating insects.
4. Be aware of the precautions that apply to the pesticide applicator (above) so that you can serve as a resource in providing
solutions to reducing bee kills.
5. Do not place apiaries in areas used to grow crops that require heavy and frequent usage of pesticides.
6. Register your apiary locations with the NC Department of Agriculture if aerial applications of pesticides are used in your apiary
locations.
7. As a very last resort, move your beehives, if possible, when bee-toxic pesticides are being applied near your apiary. Covering
the hives (for instance, with wet burlap) is usually not possible for large apiaries and can cause bees to overheat or suffocate.
Additional resources
NC State Extension – Pesticide Stewardship: pesticidestewardship.org/pollinator-protection
NC Department of Agriculture – Protecting NC Pollinators: www.ncagr.gov/divisions/structural-pest-control-and-pesticides/pesticide/pollinators/pollinator-protection-strategy
Reducing pesticide poisoning in bees (OSU): extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-591-how-reduce-bee-poisoning-pesticides
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Chapter V—2025 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
Insect Control in Field Corn
D. D. Reisig and A.S. Huseth, Entomology and Plant Pathology
Table 5-2. Insect Control in Field Corn
Per Acre Preharvest
Insecticide, Mode of Action Interval
Insect Code, and Formulation Amount Active (lb) Acres/gal (PHI) (Days) Precautions and Remarks
Annual White Grub bifenthrin, MOA 3 3.4 to 13.6 oz 0.047 to 0.062 38 to 9.4 30 Provides control alone, without addition of
— At Planting Seed (Capture) LFR seed treatment
Treatments/In Furrow clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.25 mg per kernel 0.5 and 1.25 mg per kernel rate can provide
(Poncho) 600 FS improved control under high pest pressure or
slow grow off conditions.
thiamethoxam, MOA 4A + 0.25 mg The amount of chlorantraniliprole per seed
chlorantraniliprole, MOA 28 thiamethoxam can be increased to 0.5 or 1.25 mg per seed.
(Lumivia) 5 FS + 0.25 mg Additional chlorantraniliprole will provide a
chlorantraniliprole marginal improvement over the base rate
per kernel of 0.25 mg chlorantraniliprole + 0.25 mg
thiamethoxam. Lowest use rates should be
adequate in most situations.
Billbug — At Planting clothianidin, MOA 4A 1.25 mg per kernel Must be special-ordered from a seed dealer.
Seed Treatments (Poncho) 600 FS In most situations, these products will provide
clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.5 mg clothianidin adequate control. Corn planted near previous
(Poncho) 600 FS + per kernel + 8 year’s corn, corn planted mid-April, and corn
terbufos, MOA 1B oz/1,000 ft of row near good overwintering habitats are most at
(Counter) 15G terbufos risk. In these situations, these products will not
thiamethoxam, MOA 4A 1.25 mg per kernel provide adequate control.
(Cruiser) 5 FS
Control with clothianidin has been decreasing
over time. Clothianidin + terbufos is the
superior treatment. Not advisable to use more
than 0.5 mg clothianidin per kernel when
applied with terbufos to avoid seedling injury.
Brown Stink Bug- clothianidin, MOA 4A 0.5 to 1.25 mg per Brown stink bug is labeled by the
At Planting Seed (Poncho) 600 FS kernel manufacturer for control up to the 0.5 mg
Treatment per kernel. However, NC State efficacy data
indicates that clothianidin reduces stink bug
injury at the 1.25 mg per kernel; this rate is
permitted in NC under FIFRA 2(ee).
Brown Stink Bug beta-cyfluthrin, MOA 3 2.8 fl oz 0.022 45.7 21 Management recommendations and
(Baythroid XL) 1.0 EC thresholds can be found at:
bifenthrin, MOA 3 6.4 fl oz 0.10 20 30
(Brigade, Discipline, Sniper, and corn.ces.ncsu.edu/stink-bug-management
others) 2 EC -in-corn
bifenthrin, MOA 3 + zeta 10.3 fl oz 0.1 12.4 60 (forage)
cypermethrin, 30 (grain and Seedling injury mainly occurs in no-till
MOA 3 (Hero) 1.24 EC stover) situations. On larger plants, apply to stages
just prior to tasseling. On tall corn, use ground
bifenthrin, MOA 3 + zeta 4.7 fl oz 0.055 27.2 60 (forage) application only at 15+ gallons spray volume
cypermethrin, 30 (grain and per acre. If applied by air, work with applicator
MOA 3 (Steed) 1.5 EC stover) to ensure adequate coverage in the zone
where the ear is forming. Results may be
poor to mediocre depending on application.
Insecticides can be effective up to, or less
than, one week after application. Bifenthrin
is the superior pyrethroid (MOA 3), but all
pyrethroids listed and MOA 1B are effective.
cyfluthrin, MOA 3 2.8 fl oz 0.044 45.7 21
(Tombstone) 1.0 EC
lambda-cyhalothrin, MOA 3 3.84 fl oz 0.03 33.3 21
(Lambda-cyhalothrin, Silencer)
1.0 EC
lambda-cyhalothrin, MOA 3 1.92 fl oz 0.03 66.7 21
(Warrior II) 2.08 CS
zeta-cypermethrin, MOA 3 4.0 fl oz 0.025 32 30
(Mustang Maxx) 0.8 EC
zeta-cypermethrin, MOA 3 + 10.3 fl oz 0.033 + 0.066 12.4 30
bifenthrin,
MOA 3 (Hero) 1.24 EC
Corn Leaf Aphid pyrethroids, MOA 3 and pyrethroid (see brown stink
combinations bug above for
rates)
Corn Earworm — In Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) This is transgenic corn seed. Plants will
Whorl transgenic corn, MOA 11A express Bt endotoxin. Observe the refuge
(Agrisure, Viptera, Optimum specifications on the label. Corn earworm is
Leptra, and Trecepta) not a yield-limiting pest in timely planted corn.
Treating corn earworm with a foliar insecticide
in field corn is ineffective for control.
chlorantraniliprole, MOA 28 1.2 to 1.7 oz 0.047 to 0.067 9.1 to 6.4 14
(Vantacor) 5 SC
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