NSG 3130 EXAM 4
CARDIOVASCULAR & NURSING QUESTIONS
1. Match the correct term on the left with the definition on the right.
A. Systolic Pressure — maximum pressure when the heart contracts
B. Diastolic Pressure — lowest pressure when the myocardium is relaxed
C. Mean Arterial Pressure — average pressure in the arteries
D. Pulse Pressure — calculated by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
Correct Answers:
Systolic Pressure → Maximum pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic Pressure → Lowest pressure when myocardium is relaxed
Mean Arterial Pressure → Average pressure in the arteries
Pulse Pressure → Calculated by subtracting diastolic from systolic pressure
Expert Rationale: Systolic pressure represents arterial pressure during ventricular contraction, while
diastolic pressure represents arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation. Mean arterial pressure
estimates the average pressure driving blood through the systemic circulation. Pulse pressure is
calculated as systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure.
2. The two parts of an at-risk nursing diagnosis statement are (Select all that apply):
A. Etiology
B. Problem
C. Time
D. Signs and symptoms
,Correct Answers: A. Etiology and B. Problem
Expert Rationale: An at-risk nursing diagnosis identifies a problem that the patient is vulnerable to
developing and the factors contributing to that risk. Because the problem has not yet occurred, signs
and symptoms are not included.
3. The nurse continues to modify, or terminates the client's care plan during which phase of the
nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Evaluation
C. Implementing
D. Planning
E. Assessment
Correct Answer: B. Evaluation
Expert Rationale: During evaluation, the nurse determines whether the patient's goals and expected
outcomes have been achieved. Based on the findings, the care plan may be continued, modified, or
terminated.
4. The spouse of a client is recalling the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “My wife's age is a modifiable risk factor.”
B. “My wife's sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor.”
C. “Diabetes is a modifiable risk factor.”
D. “Obesity is a modifiable risk factor.”
Correct Answer: A. “My wife's age is a modifiable risk factor.”
Expert Rationale: Age is a nonmodifiable risk factor. A person's age cannot be changed. Sedentary
lifestyle and obesity are modifiable through lifestyle changes. Diabetes may be considered a modifiable
cardiovascular risk factor in the context of management and control.
, 5. A nurse is teaching about risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease. Which risk factor should the
nurse describe as modifiable?
A. Stress
B. Allergies
C. Family history
D. Gender
Correct Answer: A. Stress
Expert Rationale: Stress is a modifiable risk factor because patients can use stress-management
techniques and lifestyle changes to reduce its effects. Family history and gender are nonmodifiable
factors.
6. A nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A patient with a chest tube ambulating with the chest tube unclamped
B. A patient with a new tracheostomy and tracheostomy obturator at bedside
C. A patient with thick secretions being tracheal suctioned first and then orally
D. A patient with hypercapnia wearing an oxygen mask
Correct Answer: D. A patient with hypercapnia wearing an oxygen mask
Expert Rationale: Hypercapnia indicates elevated carbon dioxide levels and can be associated with
inadequate ventilation. A patient with impaired ventilation requires prompt assessment because
respiratory deterioration can become life-threatening.
7. The nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement
demonstrates correct understanding of appropriate foods for lunch?
A. “I will prepare a grilled chicken breast on a wheat bun with low-fat mayonnaise, mustard, and skim
milk for lunch.”
B. “I will prepare a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole wheat bread with low-fat mayonnaise
and low-fat cheese with a diet soda.”
C. “I will prepare canned soup, crackers, and unsweetened tea for lunch.”
CARDIOVASCULAR & NURSING QUESTIONS
1. Match the correct term on the left with the definition on the right.
A. Systolic Pressure — maximum pressure when the heart contracts
B. Diastolic Pressure — lowest pressure when the myocardium is relaxed
C. Mean Arterial Pressure — average pressure in the arteries
D. Pulse Pressure — calculated by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure
Correct Answers:
Systolic Pressure → Maximum pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic Pressure → Lowest pressure when myocardium is relaxed
Mean Arterial Pressure → Average pressure in the arteries
Pulse Pressure → Calculated by subtracting diastolic from systolic pressure
Expert Rationale: Systolic pressure represents arterial pressure during ventricular contraction, while
diastolic pressure represents arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation. Mean arterial pressure
estimates the average pressure driving blood through the systemic circulation. Pulse pressure is
calculated as systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure.
2. The two parts of an at-risk nursing diagnosis statement are (Select all that apply):
A. Etiology
B. Problem
C. Time
D. Signs and symptoms
,Correct Answers: A. Etiology and B. Problem
Expert Rationale: An at-risk nursing diagnosis identifies a problem that the patient is vulnerable to
developing and the factors contributing to that risk. Because the problem has not yet occurred, signs
and symptoms are not included.
3. The nurse continues to modify, or terminates the client's care plan during which phase of the
nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Evaluation
C. Implementing
D. Planning
E. Assessment
Correct Answer: B. Evaluation
Expert Rationale: During evaluation, the nurse determines whether the patient's goals and expected
outcomes have been achieved. Based on the findings, the care plan may be continued, modified, or
terminated.
4. The spouse of a client is recalling the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “My wife's age is a modifiable risk factor.”
B. “My wife's sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor.”
C. “Diabetes is a modifiable risk factor.”
D. “Obesity is a modifiable risk factor.”
Correct Answer: A. “My wife's age is a modifiable risk factor.”
Expert Rationale: Age is a nonmodifiable risk factor. A person's age cannot be changed. Sedentary
lifestyle and obesity are modifiable through lifestyle changes. Diabetes may be considered a modifiable
cardiovascular risk factor in the context of management and control.
, 5. A nurse is teaching about risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease. Which risk factor should the
nurse describe as modifiable?
A. Stress
B. Allergies
C. Family history
D. Gender
Correct Answer: A. Stress
Expert Rationale: Stress is a modifiable risk factor because patients can use stress-management
techniques and lifestyle changes to reduce its effects. Family history and gender are nonmodifiable
factors.
6. A nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A patient with a chest tube ambulating with the chest tube unclamped
B. A patient with a new tracheostomy and tracheostomy obturator at bedside
C. A patient with thick secretions being tracheal suctioned first and then orally
D. A patient with hypercapnia wearing an oxygen mask
Correct Answer: D. A patient with hypercapnia wearing an oxygen mask
Expert Rationale: Hypercapnia indicates elevated carbon dioxide levels and can be associated with
inadequate ventilation. A patient with impaired ventilation requires prompt assessment because
respiratory deterioration can become life-threatening.
7. The nurse is discussing nutrition with a patient diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement
demonstrates correct understanding of appropriate foods for lunch?
A. “I will prepare a grilled chicken breast on a wheat bun with low-fat mayonnaise, mustard, and skim
milk for lunch.”
B. “I will prepare a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole wheat bread with low-fat mayonnaise
and low-fat cheese with a diet soda.”
C. “I will prepare canned soup, crackers, and unsweetened tea for lunch.”
