POPULATION-BASED NURSING EXAM 2
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING REVIEW 2026
◉ History.
Answer: John Snow- Father of Epi
19th century cholera outbreak in England: mapped the disease,
found it related to water supply and unsanitary conditions.
◉ Descriptive.
Answer: Seeks to identify disease entity according to person, place
and time; used in food borne illness outbreaks.
◉ Analytic.
Answer: Seeks to understand the etiology of disease; may be
prospective or cohort study.
◉ Natural hx of disease.
Answer: pre-pathogenesis, pathogenesis, discernable early lesions,
and advanced disease.
,◉ Infectivity.
Answer: The ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
◉ Virulence.
Answer: The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.
◉ Validity.
Answer: Assess the degree to which the information collected
accurately answers the research question.
The extent to which the results are accurate and the extent to which
the conclusions derived can be generalized.
◉ Reliability.
Answer: Refers to the repeatability of the findings.
◉ Rate, Risk.
Answer: Rate ratio compares the incidence rates, person-time rate,
or mortality rates of two groups.
Risk ratio, the two groups are typically differentiated by
demographic factors or by exposure to a suspected causative agent.
,◉ Secular.
Answer: Changes over a long period of time, generally years or
decades.
◉ Cyclic.
Answer: recurrent alterations in occurrence, interval or frequency of
disease.
◉ Point Epidemic.
Answer: An epidemic in which several cases of a disease occur
within a few days or hours due to exposure to a common source of
infections such as food or water.
◉ Epidemic.
Answer: The rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of
people in a given population within a short period of time, usually
two weeks or less.
◉ Pandemic.
Answer: An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,
crossing international boundaries an usually affecting a large
number of people.
◉ Epidemiology Triangle.
, Answer:
◉ Host Characteristics:
Genetic Susceptibility.
Answer: Including twin studies, provides robust evidence that
genetic variation in human populations contributes to susceptibility
to infectious disease.
◉ Host Characteristics:
Immutable Characteristics.
Answer: Any sort of physical attribute which is perceived as being
unchangeable, entrenched and innate
Example: Age, gender, and race
◉ Host Characteristics:
Life Style Factors.
Answer: Work, environment, socioeconomic status, exercise
◉ Environment.
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING REVIEW 2026
◉ History.
Answer: John Snow- Father of Epi
19th century cholera outbreak in England: mapped the disease,
found it related to water supply and unsanitary conditions.
◉ Descriptive.
Answer: Seeks to identify disease entity according to person, place
and time; used in food borne illness outbreaks.
◉ Analytic.
Answer: Seeks to understand the etiology of disease; may be
prospective or cohort study.
◉ Natural hx of disease.
Answer: pre-pathogenesis, pathogenesis, discernable early lesions,
and advanced disease.
,◉ Infectivity.
Answer: The ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
◉ Virulence.
Answer: The severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.
◉ Validity.
Answer: Assess the degree to which the information collected
accurately answers the research question.
The extent to which the results are accurate and the extent to which
the conclusions derived can be generalized.
◉ Reliability.
Answer: Refers to the repeatability of the findings.
◉ Rate, Risk.
Answer: Rate ratio compares the incidence rates, person-time rate,
or mortality rates of two groups.
Risk ratio, the two groups are typically differentiated by
demographic factors or by exposure to a suspected causative agent.
,◉ Secular.
Answer: Changes over a long period of time, generally years or
decades.
◉ Cyclic.
Answer: recurrent alterations in occurrence, interval or frequency of
disease.
◉ Point Epidemic.
Answer: An epidemic in which several cases of a disease occur
within a few days or hours due to exposure to a common source of
infections such as food or water.
◉ Epidemic.
Answer: The rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of
people in a given population within a short period of time, usually
two weeks or less.
◉ Pandemic.
Answer: An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,
crossing international boundaries an usually affecting a large
number of people.
◉ Epidemiology Triangle.
, Answer:
◉ Host Characteristics:
Genetic Susceptibility.
Answer: Including twin studies, provides robust evidence that
genetic variation in human populations contributes to susceptibility
to infectious disease.
◉ Host Characteristics:
Immutable Characteristics.
Answer: Any sort of physical attribute which is perceived as being
unchangeable, entrenched and innate
Example: Age, gender, and race
◉ Host Characteristics:
Life Style Factors.
Answer: Work, environment, socioeconomic status, exercise
◉ Environment.
