Portage Learning Biod 152 Anatomy And Physiology 2 Final High Yield

PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 152 ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 VERIFIED
FINAL HIGH YIELD
PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 152 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 FINAL HIGH YIELD
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS


COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

⩥ Filamentous Viral Shape.
Answer: helical


⩥ Example of filamentous virus.
Answer: flexible: ebola
non-flexible: tubula virus


⩥ Icosahedral Virus Shape.
Answer: polyhedral


⩥ Example of icosahedral virus.
Answer: Adenovirus


⩥ Enveloped Virus Shape.
Answer: comes from host cell

,⩥ Example of enveloped virus.
Answer: Herpes


⩥ Head and tail Virus Shape.
Answer: Complex


⩥ Example of head and tail.
Answer: Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)


⩥ How do viruses get into cells?.
Answer: By endocytosis or by fusion within the cells membrane (if
enveloped)


⩥ How do viruses make DNA?.
Answer: mRNA -> make viral proteins duplicate DNA to make new
viral genomes


⩥ How do viruses make RNA?.
Answer: make complementary RNA, if necessary, transcribe mRNA ->
make viral proteins copy RNA to make new viral genomes


⩥ How do viruses leave (egress) from a cell?.
Answer: naked - lyse the host cell

,enveloped - buds out of the host cell


⩥ What is one difference between lytic and lysogenic lifestyles?.
Answer: Lysogenic can remain dormant in the cell and waits till the cell
has divided


⩥ Bacteriophage.
Answer: a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and
reproducing inside it


⩥ How can viruses cause cancer?.
Answer: -Viruses may have cancer-causing genes among their genes,
which enter the host cell
-Viral DNA may be inserted into host DNA at a site that disrupts the
functioning of a gene that regulates cell division (oncogenes) in host
-Viruses may interfere with immune system


⩥ How do vaccines work?.
Answer: Vaccines trigger immune protection


⩥ What three ways can vaccines be used?.
Answer: "live" virus
"killed" virus

, molecular subunits


⩥ What form of vaccine is the best to use?.
Answer: safest form of vaccination is mRNA (molecular subunits)


⩥ What do antivirals do?.
Answer: Some antivirals can control viral disease, not cure them


⩥ fusion inhibitors.
Answer: prevent viruses from successfully fusing with the host cell


⩥ reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Answer: prevent the synthesis of DNA in retroviruses


⩥ integrase inhibitors.
Answer: block the pro-viral DNA from getting into the genome


⩥ protease inhibitors.
Answer: inhibit the ability to cut long protein into functional smaller
proteins


⩥ What is R0?.