2026 Latest Update.
What is the pH scale an indication of? hydrogen ion concentration
What does the pH scale range from? Below 0 to above 14
How do we measure pH? Universal indicator or an electronic pH probe (more accurate)
What are some examples of acids? vinegar, lemonade, soda water, coke
What are some examples of alkalis? baking soda, dishwashing powder, bleach
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid? HCl
What is the formula for sulphuric acid? H2SO4
What is the formula for nitric acid? HNO3
What is the formula for sodium hydroxide? NaOH
What is the formula for potassium KOH
hydroxide?
What is the formula for calcium hydroxide? Ca(OH)2
What does a neutral solution have equal H+(aq) and OH-(aq) ions
concentrations of?
What does water have equal concentrations hydrogen and hydroxide ions
of?
At any time, do a lot of water molecules No, only a few (1 in every 55 million)
dissociate into free ions?
What symbol indicates a reversible reaction? ⇌
What is a reversible reaction? A reversible reaction is one where the products of the reaction
can themselves react to produce the original reactants
What is an equilibrium? When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
At equilibrium, do the concentrations of They remain constant but not necessarily equal
reactants and products remain equal?