PORTAGE LEARNING NURS231
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND FULL
SOLUTION
◉ Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Answer: false
◉ hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells Answer: True
◉ Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Answer: True
◉ proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the
disease Answer: sensitivity
◉ how likely the same result will occur if repeated Answer:
reliability
◉ how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Answer:
validity
,◉ people without the disease who are negative on a given test
Answer: specificity
◉ Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Answer: it includes
peroxisomes and proteasomes
◉ Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
Answer: 1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
◉ Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Answer: 1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside
fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and
muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
◉ Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Answer:
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
◉ High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
Answer: pathophysiology
,◉ A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure.
What are these examples of? Answer: signs and symptoms
◉ Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Answer: If
negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a
disease
◉ Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following? Answer: Etiologic factors
◉ Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Answer: Tertiary
prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical
intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One
example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart
attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
◉ Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
Answer: In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and
shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or
black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in
arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin
is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface,
liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The
spread of tissue damage is rapid.
, ◉ Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. Answer: necrosis is cell death to an organ or
tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the
catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This
could cause necrosis
◉ sunburn Answer: radiation injury
◉ obesity Answer: nutritional imbalances
◉ reactive oxygen species Answer: free radical injury
◉ low oxygen to tissues Answer: hypoxic cell injury
◉ fractures Answer: physical agents
◉ OTC drugs Answer: Chemical injury
◉ hypothermia Answer: physical agents
◉ radiation treatment Answer: radiation injury
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS AND FULL
SOLUTION
◉ Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Answer: false
◉ hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells Answer: True
◉ Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Answer: True
◉ proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the
disease Answer: sensitivity
◉ how likely the same result will occur if repeated Answer:
reliability
◉ how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Answer:
validity
,◉ people without the disease who are negative on a given test
Answer: specificity
◉ Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Answer: it includes
peroxisomes and proteasomes
◉ Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
Answer: 1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
◉ Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
Answer: 1: Controls the transport of materials from the outside
fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and
muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
◉ Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Answer:
1: They are found far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
◉ High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
Answer: pathophysiology
,◉ A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure.
What are these examples of? Answer: signs and symptoms
◉ Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Answer: If
negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a
disease
◉ Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following? Answer: Etiologic factors
◉ Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Answer: Tertiary
prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical
intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One
example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart
attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
◉ Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
Answer: In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and
shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or
black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in
arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin
is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface,
liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacterial action. The
spread of tissue damage is rapid.
, ◉ Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. Answer: necrosis is cell death to an organ or
tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the
catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This
could cause necrosis
◉ sunburn Answer: radiation injury
◉ obesity Answer: nutritional imbalances
◉ reactive oxygen species Answer: free radical injury
◉ low oxygen to tissues Answer: hypoxic cell injury
◉ fractures Answer: physical agents
◉ OTC drugs Answer: Chemical injury
◉ hypothermia Answer: physical agents
◉ radiation treatment Answer: radiation injury
